Patriotic education in educational institutions.
V.V. Plaschevaya (3nd year student of the Pedagogical Institute of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Education)
Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod
E - mail: vitalina15p@ mail.ru
Аbstract
This article is devoted to civic and patriotic education in educational institutions. It was established that the final result of patriotic education should be: spiritual and cultural upsurge, strengthening the state and its defense capability, achieving social and economic stability. To achieve this result, both the school and the family must participate in this goal , and they will organize systematic work in which various methods of education will be included, and common efforts will give a powerful impetus to the start of the formation of a true patriot.
Keywords
Education, patriotic education, military-patriotic education, cultural and patriotic education, civil-patriotic education.
The relevance of this topic is determined by the importance of the development of patriotic feelings in educational institutions. Patriotic education is a systematic and purposeful activity aimed at creating a high patriotic consciousness among young citizens, a sense of fidelity to their Fatherland, a readiness to fulfill a civic duty and constitutional duties to protect the interests of the motherland. It is aimed at developing a person with qualities that contribute to the development and prosperity of his state.
In modern conditions, the following spiritual values are highlighted in the content of the patriotic education of youth:
- citizenship;
- nationwide on a national scale;
- patriotism, devotion to their homeland;
- humanism and morality, self-esteem;
- social activity, responsibility, intolerance to violations of moral and legal norms. [3, p. 39]
Work in educational institutions provides enormous opportunities for the education of highly patriotic qualities of students, the development of their initial skills in civic behavior. The teacher should ensure the continuity of patriotic education, its harmonious similarity with the age characteristics of older students, as well as the joint work of such cells of society as school and family. It is important not to miss the moment and involve everyone in the life of the team, which has a socially significant essence. Love for their land, for their homeland is the basis of patriotic education. The teacher is obliged to help children realize their place in the history of their people, to involve schoolchildren in socially active activities in which they will grow as citizens and patriots [2, p. 76].
The process of patriotic education of students in the school should be carried out on the basis of principles such as: scientificness, integrity, continuity, uniqueness, systematicity, humanism, democracy, priority of historical heritage, continuity, taking into account ethnopsychological features, nationality, coordination, dynamism. [2, p. 82]
From the position of personal value orientations, the pedagogical theory classically distinguishes two areas of patriotic education: patriotic and military-patriotic education.
Representatives of the military-patriotic direction argue that without the formation of patriotic feelings among citizens from an early age, a desire and readiness to fulfill the function of protecting the Fatherland , a strong state cannot exist .
Military-patriotic education, as an integral part of civic education and education, without which the task of preparing schoolchildren and youth for the defense of the Fatherland cannot be successfully solved, according to V. V. Dranishnikov, includes three main areas of work [1, p. 115]:
moral and psychological preparation;
physical training;
military-technical training.
Cultural and patriotic education. Its main task is to help students realize themselves as representatives of their people. To study the national traditions and spiritual values of the Russian people. It is here that schoolchildren are introduced to spiritual and cultural values and national traditions, the development of an aesthetic taste, the awakening of interest in the history of their native state, a love of the language and culture of Russia is instilled, a sense of pride in their homeland and a desire to increase its wealth are cultivated . Cultural and patriotic education includes the following components: festivals and festivals of art, music and poetry competitions, excursions; issue of wall newspapers, organization of presentations; circles of art, arts and crafts; thematic educational hours, evenings, cool hours; writing essays.
Civil-patriotic education involves the education of patriotic feelings, love for the motherland, the development of a sense of pride in one’s country; education of respect for older people, heroes of the Second World War; fostering a sense of courage, dexterity, responsibility; the development of students' social activity, education in them of a conscious attitude to the national heritage, fidelity to the fighting and labor traditions of the older generation, devotion to the Fatherland, readiness to protect its freedom and independence.
From this we can draw the following conclusion: patriotism is an integral part of every citizen of his country. It will always be regarded as a symbol of courage, valor and heroism, the strength of the people, as a necessary condition for the unity, greatness and power of Russia. And the main goal of patriotic education is the development of high social activity and civic responsibility in Russian society.
To determine the level of patriotic feelings, a survey was conducted among 10-11 grades. 24 students took part in it MBOU “Streletskaya secondary school”.
I. To the question “Do you consider yourself a patriot?” The following responses were received:
1. Yes - 18 (75%)
2. No - 0 (0%)
3. Partially - 6 (25%)
4. I do not know - 0 (0%)
Figure 1- “Do you consider yourself a patriot?”
Thus, in Figure 1, 75% of students consider themselves patriots. Doubt or partially relate - 25%.
II. To the question “Who, in your opinion, to a greater extent influenced the formation of your patriotic feelings”, the following results were obtained:
School - 11.
Parents - 10.
People around - 0.
Media - 2.
Authorities - 0.
Other –0.
Did not answer - 1.
Figure 2 - Impact on patriotism
In Figure 2, it can be clearly seen that the school and parents have a significant influence on the formation of patriotic qualities, while the media have a lesser effect. The items “authorities” and “people around” were not mentioned in the children’s answers, which can also be significant in assessing the influence of the authorities and the people around us on the formation of the worldview of young people.
III. To the question “How do you define the concept of patriotism for yourself”, the children identified the following categories when answering:
To love and cherish your homeland, country - 17.
A sense of duty to the Motherland, self-sacrifice for it, should be loved and appreciated - 5.
Faith and Devotion - 2.
Considering the question in conjunction with questions of self-determination of the concepts of “patriotism” and “By what signs or statements do you define patriotism for yourself”, you can see that those who defined patriotism through self-sacrifice, the concept of faith, answered the first question, as a rule, “partially”.
Thus, we can conclude that patriotic education is a complex pedagogical process that helps to find appropriate ways and means of educating students in military-patriotic thinking. To achieve the desired result, that is, to educate a highly patriotic person, both the school and the family must participate , and they will organize systematic work, which will include various methods of education, and the common efforts will give a powerful impetus to the start of the formation of a true patriot .
References:
1. Dranishnikov V.V., Theoretical and methodological foundations and practice of shaping the citizenship of schoolchildren. / V.V.
2. Konzhiev , N. M. The system of military-patriotic education in a comprehensive school. / N.M. Konzhiev . - M .: Pedagogy, 1986. - 142 p.
3. Lutovinov , VI Civil patriotic skoe training / V. I. today Lutovinov - M .: Education, 2006 .-- 59.
