Rejepova Tachsoltan Ashyrmadovna
Magtymguly Turkmen State University
Modification of word order in English and Turkmen sentences
Predicate, sentence, English, sequence, to be expressed
Morphological composition
According to their morphological composition verbs can be divided into simple, derivative, compound and phrasal.
Simple verbs consist of only one root morpheme: to ask, to build, and to come.
Derivative verbs are composed of one root morpheme and one or more derivational morphemes (prefixes and suffixes). The main verb forming suffixes are -ize, -fy, -en, -ate, as in: to criticize, to justify, to blacken, to enumerate.
Compound verbs consist of at least two stems: to overgrow, to undertake.
Phrasal verbs consist of a verbal stem and an adverbial particle, which is sometimes referred to as postposition. The adverbial meaning is evident in phrasal verbs of the type to come in, to look out, whereas it is quite lost in the verbs to give up, to give in, and to bring up.
Modification of word order in English
Word order refers to the way words are arranged in a sentence. The standard word order in English is: Subject-Predicate-Object. To determine the proper sequence of words, you need to understand what the subject, predicate and object are.
Subject: typically a noun or a pronoun – the person, place or thing.
Predicate: the action or state of being.
Object: the word or group of words influenced by the verb.
In the declarative sentence, the subject of a sentence comes directly in front of the predicate. The direct object, when there is one, comes directly after it.
For example,
We write two tests each team.[Drozdova:p.23]
We is the subject of the sentence, expressed by a common noun.
Write is the predicate of the sentence, expressed by an irregular verb in the past tense.
Tests is a direct object, expressed by a common noun in the objective case.
By the subject we mean not just a single word, but – noun or pronoun plus adjectives or descriptive phrases that go with it.
For example,
Children who play in glasshouses shouldn’t throw stones. .[Drozdova:p.58]
In this sentence if we take only Children as the subject of the sentence, the meaning will not be clear. That’s why in order to give the correct idea we should take the descriptive phrase “children who play in glasshouses” as the subject of the sentence.
If a sentence has any other parts to it,
If a sentence has any other parts to it,
-Indirect objects
-Adverbs
-Adverb phrase - these usually come in specific places.
The Indirect object follows the direct object when it is formed with the preposition ‘to’
For example,
The doctor gave some medicine to the child.
The Indirect object comes in front of the direct object, if ‘to’ is omitted.
For example,
The doctor gave the child some medicine.
In the first sentence, ‘medicine’ is a direct object ‘to the child’ is an indirect object and it comes after the direct object.
In the second sentence, ‘the child’ is an indirect object formed without the preposition ‘to’, that’s why it comes before the direct object ‘medicine’.
Parenthesis like perhaps, surely, indeed, naturally, also and many others relate to a whole clause or sentence, not just a single word. In most cases they stand outside the clause they refer to, at the beginning of the clause. However, they may be placed wherever in the clause for reasons of stress or emphasis.
Surely, the man has already written his letter.
Perhaps, the man has already written his letter.
Therefore, the man has already written his letter.
Naturally, the man grew vegetables in his garden.
In these cases all parentheses stand at the very beginning of the sentences and their meanings aren’t the same.
The word order is subject-object-predicate.
Modification of word order in Turkmen
Turkmen is a Turkic language spoken by 3,5 million people in Turkmenistan, where it is the official State language. It is also spoken by around 2 million people in northeastern Iran and 1,5 million people in northwestern Afghanistan. Turkmen language is a member of the East Oghuz branch of the Turkic family of languages. Its closest relatives are Turkish and Azerbaijani, with which it shares a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility.
Turkmen language has vowel harmony which is agglutinative and has no grammatical gender. Its word order is subject-object-predicate.
Turkmen language has a particular word order.
1.In most cases the subject stands at the beginning of the sentence, the predicate comes at the end.
Sona ýigidiň atyň üstünde oturanyny gördi.
Sona saw the boy sitting on the horse.
Here “Sona” is the subject of the sentence, expressed by a proper noun. It stands in front of the sentence.
The predicate “gördi” is expressed by a verb in the past tense and it comes at the end of the sentence.
2.Adverbial modifiers also come before the word they define. Commonly they come in the order of time, place. In that case mostly they stand at the beginning of the sentence.
For example,
Bu gün bazara Myrat aga gitmekçidi.
Today Myrat aga was going to the bazaar.
“bu gün” denotes the time, “bazara” means place.
In this sentence adverbial modifier doesn’t influence of a sentence.
In linguistics, word order typology is the study of the word order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest. The primary word orders that are of interest are the constituent order of a clause – the relative order of subject, object and predicate; the order of modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, possessives) in a noun phrase; and the order of adverbials.
Literature:
1.T. Yu. Drozdova, V. G. Mailova, A.I. Berestova “English Grammar”. Sankt-Peterburg,
2009-2011.
2.http//:www.google.com
3.http://anywhere.library.com/grammar
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