Connection of the dominant type of students' temperament with behavior in a conflict situation.
Inshina A. K.
Student of psychological faculty,
Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod State University
Annotation.The article is devoted to the differences of the behavior of students with different temperaments in conflict situations. Conflict is a popular way of interaction in the modern world, and their productive resolution largely depends on the personality of the opponents. As a result of the research, a statistical relationship was revealed between the type of students' temperament and the strategy of behavior in the conflict.
Key words: temperament, conflict, student, sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic, strategy of behavior in a conflict.
Temperament is a stable form of human existence, and a form of both physical and mental kind. In reality, the mutual penetration of bodily and mental characteristics, according to the author, is so deep that it is impossible to draw conclusions about the qualities of the soul from the properties of the body, but it is also impossible to judge the corresponding bodily forms by the characteristics of the soul. [10, 90].
L.S. Vygotsky understands the temperament like the peculiarities of the warehouse of all innate and hereditary reactions, the hereditary constitution of the organism. According to L.S. Vygotsky, temperament covers the sphere of personality, which is found in instinctive, emotional, reflex reactions. In all that part of our behavior that is usually recognized as involuntary and hereditary, the dominant concept is temperament. [2, 201].
According to S.L. Rubinstein, temperament is a dynamic characteristic of an individual's mental activity. S.L. Rubinstein argues that, first, the strength of mental processes, that is, the degree of dynamic stability, is indicative of temperament. With significant stability, the strength of the reactions in each individual case depends on the changing conditions in which the person finds himself. [8, 613].
N.S. Leites argues that temperament is an individually unique, naturally conditioned set of dynamic manifestations of the psyche. The central place in the characterization of temperament, according to N.S. Leites, is occupied by general mental activity, its dynamic characteristics, the very energy level of behavior. The degree of activity ranges from lethargy, inertia at a given pole to violent manifestations of energy at the other. [1, 436].
Within the framework of the socio-psychological tradition, the conflict is considered as a case of social interaction of people or groups, which carries a destructive potential, destroys interpersonal and group relationships, leads to the disintegration of socio-psychological structures and negative experiences. [2, 85], [4, 89], [6, 138].
Conflict is understood as the energy basis of the personality, which constitutes its motivational core in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic approaches. The reasons for human actions and experiences are always conflicting, and ontogeny is built on the resolution of conflicts. [5, 74].
For example, R. Dahrendorf paid attention to the socio-political aspects of the development of the conflict. He substantiates the position that society has a conflict basis, which is manifested in the following: society is always in the process of change; society contains tendencies of unity (agreement) and differences (contradiction); every element of society is in a state of change; any society involves the violence of some individuals against others. [3, 84].
L. Coser paid special attention to the role of values and interests for the stability and development of both social groups and social systems. L. Coser considers conflict as a way of adequate adaptation of social norms to changed circumstances, since the conflict within groups contributes to the formation and approval of new social norms or the renewal of old ones. [7, 143].
A. Rapoport notes the importance of system analysis for the research of social conflicts of various types. Fundamental for this method of conflict research is the idea of society as a stable set of interrelated elements, parts that make up a specific integrity (system) [9, 64].
Conflict is the result and condition of changes both in the social system as a whole and in individual subjects and relations between them. Conflicts can be constructive or deconstructive, have specific positive functions, and in conditions of destructiveness lead to negative consequences. They are natural companions of social and individual development and change. Therefore, conflicts require analysis, research in order to achieve their effective regulation and completion.
To take into account and resolve the conflict, it is important to know the causes and factors leading to its occurrence. One of the factors that determine the nature of the emergence and implementation of a conflict situation are the psychological characteristics of the individual associated with his temperament.
The type of behavior in a conflict situation is largely determined by the type of temperament. Based on the research carried out, a conclusion can be drawn. That more excitable types of temperament, such as sanguine and choleric, prefer strategies of behavior in a conflict in which direct interaction with the opponent is required and involves a direct clarification of the circumstances and ways of resolving conflicts. Phlegmatic and melancholic types of temperament prefer behavioral strategies. Not implying a great nervous load. Or avoid conflict in general.
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