Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение
«Гимназия № 11Дзержинского района Волгограда»
Районный конкурс методических
разработок по образованию и воспитанию учащихся среди педагогов образовательных учреждений
Направление: технологии, изобретения, новые приемы и подходы к организации учебной деятельности.
Номинация: « Дидактические материалы»
Алгоритм интенсивного повторения наиболее употребительных фразовых глаголов английского языка
(Из опыта работы учителя английского языка)
Авторы: Короткова Ирина Владимировна, учитель английского языка МОУ «Гимназия № 11».
Волгоград, 2021
Аннотация
Данный дидактический материал по теме « Фразовые глаголы» разработан в рамках технологии эффективного обучения и соответствует требованиям ФГОС.
Предлагаемые 10 шагов алгоритма (упражнения для 10 фразовых глаголов) способствуют быстрому повторению и активизации в речи наиболее употребительных значений фразовых глаголов. Это возможно сделать в сжатые сроки с наилучшим результатом.
Представленный материал может быть использован при подготовке учащихся к олимпиадам, конкурсам различных уровней, итоговым контрольным работам. Учителя английского языка могут использовать данную разработку на своих уроках в качестве дополнительного дидактического материала, как в целом виде, так и отдельными фрагментами при работе с УМК «Английский язык» О.В. Афанасьевой, И.В. Михеевой и УМК «Английский в фокусе» Ю.Е. Ваулиной, Д.Дули.
Содержание
Введение………………………………………………………….……………….4
Шаг 1. Фразовый глагол « toturn» …………………………………………...6
Шаг 2. Фразовый глагол « tomake»…………………………………………..7
Шаг 3. Фразовый глагол « come» …………………………………………......8
Шаг 4. Фразовый глагол « tobreak…………………………………………....10
Шаг 5. Фразовый глагол « torun» ………………………………………….....12
Шаг 6. Фразовый глагол « tocheck…………………………………………...13
Шаг 7. Фразовый глагол « tokeep» …………………………………………...14
Шаг 8. Фразовый глагол « tocarry»…………………………………………...16
Шаг 9. Фразовый глагол « toget» …………………………………………......17
Шаг 10. Фразовый глагол « torush………………………………………….....18
Список использованной литературы …………………………..........................19
Введение
Современные требования к обучению иностранного языка говорят, что каждый ученик должен продемонстрировать умение использовать иностранный язык в качестве инструмента межличностного и межкультурного общения.
Коммуникативная компетентность, как известно, – явление многоаспектное. Она предполагает знания и навыки в области лексики, грамматики и фонетики; умение строить различные типы высказываний в зависимости от целей общения и готовность применять различные стратегии ведения коммуникации; психологическую готовность к различным формам взаимодействия с собеседником [2, с. 6–11].
Обучение иностранному языку – это процесс очень сложный. Так как «полноценное владение иностранным языком – это автоматизированная способность в речи с легкостью прокладывать путь от мысли к слову, это наличие в сознании понятий и связей, выражаемых посредством другого языка, это умелое использование идиоматики, это быстрота реакции и отсутствие психологических барьеров общения» [3, с. 47]. В данном высказывании для нас, учителей английского языка, особый интерес представляет упоминание идиоматики, под которой принято понимать совокупность идиом данного языка т. е. неразложимых словосочетаний, значение которых не совпадает со значением составляющих их слов, взятых в отдельности. Такие словосочетания не поддаются буквальному переводу на другие языки. В английском языке существует очень распространенный тип идиом, именуемый «фразовыми глаголами».
Актуальность данного дидактического материала заключается в том, что учителя английского языка замечают, что большое количество учащихся испытывают трудности при понимании и употреблении так называемых фразовых глаголов, учебные пособие эпизодически и очень кратко представляют материал по данной теме. Фразовый глагол это, как правило, простой и общеупотребительный глагол (break, get, keep, make, run, etc.), употребляющийся с частицей или несколькими частицами. Трудность для изучающих английский язык состоит в том, что, во-первых, в английском языке имеется огромное количество фразовых глаголов. Один словарный справочник, например, дает значения 3, 384 фразовых глаголов. Очевидно, что для изучающих английский язык невозможно выучить все эти глаголы, а тем более запомнить их значения. Во-вторых, один и тот же глагол может употребляться с несколькими частицами и с каждой из них может иметь абсолютно разное значение, а иногда и несколько значений с одной и той же частицей.
Существует несколько подходов к изучению фразовых глаголов, которые преподаватели используют при обучении английскому языку:
по категориям;
по лексическому значению глагола;
по группам глаголов, принадлежащих к одной тематике;
по контексту (фразовые глаголы в связном тексте).
Используемые в работе учебники английского языка ( УМК “Spotlight”, УМК “English”) предлагают лексический подход, когда фразовые глаголы группируются по лексическому значению, то есть берется один и тот же глагол, но с разными частицами. Недостатком такого подхода является то, что ученикам бывает сложно правильно определить нужные частицы. Часто им приходится делать такие упражнения просто наугад. И даже если они и угадали все частицы правильно, то вряд ли они запомнят правильное их употребление и значение этого глагола в последующих случаях. А тем более вряд ли они будут сами употреблять их в речи. Как правило, по прошествии времени ученики забывают значения фразовых глаголов и делают ошибки в выборе правильной частицы. Учителю необходим материал, который позволяет быстро и эффективно освежить данную грамматическую категорию в памяти. Данный материал помогает в этом. Его могут использовать преподаватели и учащиеся 7-11классов. Особенно это необходимо при подготовке учащихся к итоговым контрольным работам и интеллектуальным состязаниям различных уровней. Больше времени остается на само общение и употребление фразовых глаголов в речи. Представленные упражнения можно сделать более коммуникативными, дав задание придумать предложения с этими глаголами о себе и произнести их несколько раз, например, в разных парах или маленьких группах.
Итак, опытные преподаватели могут использовать разные подходы к изучению фразовых глаголов в английском языке. У каждого есть свои преимущества и недостатки. Преподаватель должен иметь возможность варьировать задания в зависимости от уровня и потребностей обучающихся, должен избегать скучных и бесполезных заданий механического заучивания фразовых глаголов и их значений типа «выучите наизусть». Задача преподавателя состоит в том, чтобы этот процесс был как можно более естественным, интересным и продуктивным. Хочется надеяться, что данная разработка поможет к заданиям подходить творчески. В этом и заключается профессионализм и педагогическое мастерство преподавателя.
Шаг 1
Phrasal verb: turn
turn into: to change into, to become sb/sth else
turn down: to refuse an offer, etc.
turn on: to switch on
turn up: to arrive
turn off: to change direction, to leave the road
turn out: to be in the end, to empty, to produce
turn over: to upset, to change the position, to give the control
1.Match the columns:
Turn off – return
Turn back – refuse
Turn up – increase the volume
Turn up – become
Turn into – arrive
Turn down - switch off
2. Paraphrase the underlined verb using the proper phrasal verb:
1. I applied to join the Air Force, but they refused me because of my eyesight.
2. It started as the holiday of a lifetime but soon became a nightmare.
3. Why has the air conditioning been switched off when it’s so hot?
4. Our cat appeared unexpectedly after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood.
5. I can barely hear the TV. Can you increase the volume a little?
3. Choose the correct word:
1. The quiet little town turned into/up a busy cultural centre during carnival time.
2. We are too far from home: we can`t turn out/off to get the camera now.
3. I don`t believe how many people have turned up/over for the music festival.
4. It`s not a good idea to turn down/up their offer before you think about it properly.
5. Don`t turn on/offthe TV, please
4. Put in the proper phrasal particle:
1. It’s getting dark, let’s turn__the light.
2. Turn __the radio, if you are not listening.
3. He turned__in bed.
4. The boat struck the stone and turned__.
5. Don’t despair, turn__a new leaf in your life.
6. She was plain when a child, but she turned__remarkably pretty.
7. In this book the mysterious stranger turns__to be the long-lost son of the duke.
8. Please, turn__the gas-fire before you leave.
9. The wind turned my old umbrella inside__.
The initials "PTO“ at the bottom of the page mean "Please turn__".
Шаг 2
Phrasal verb: make
to make of - to think of, to have an opinion about
to make off with - to steal and escape with something
to make out – 1)to distinguish; to manage to be able to see or hear something
2) to pretend that something is true.
3) to write out, to fill in.
to make up - 1) to say or write some thing that is not true, to invent a story
2) to put cosmetics on
to make it up with somebody – to make peace, don’t argue with smb
to make up for - to compensate for something bad that they have done or that has happened
1.Complete the sentences:
1. She often makes ... she is the boss when, really, she is only an assistant. (to pretend that something is true)
2. What can I do to make ... forgetting your birthday. (to compensate)
3. Ruth’s writing is very small. I almost need a magnify glass to make it.... (to distinguish)
4. Thanks goodness they have made ... after their quarrel. (to reconcile)
5. What do you make ... his new girlfriend? (to have an opinion about)
6. She made ... the story because she was afraid to tell the truth. (to invent a story)
2. Match two columns:
make of –– steal and run away with
make up for – think of
make off with - compensate for
make up – see clearly
make out – go in the direction of
make for - invent
3. Put the correct particle:
1. Stephen gave his sister a big bunch of roses to make … forgetting her birthday.
2. One minute my next-door neighbor is really nice to me, and the next he’s extremely rude.
3. I don’t know what to make … him!
4. According to the newspaper report, the thieves made … goods worth over ten thousand pounds.
5. Can you make … what it says here? The letters are too small for me to read.
6. You don’t need to make … an excuse for being late; just tell your teacher the truth.
7. When we got to the park, the children make … the swings.
4. Correct the mistakes with the phrasal verbs.
1. As soon as we had checked in at the hotel, we made straight to the beach.
2. She made out some story about the bus being late, but I’m sure she just overslept.
3. How do you make for being late to your own wedding?
4. Can you make of the words of the song?
5. It took the clown 10 minutes to make out his face.
Шаг 3
Phrasal verb: come
to come down with -to become unwell, ill
to come over- to visite
to come across – to run into
to come out - 1) to be released, to be available to the public.
to leave a room or a building.
to begin to blossom.
to be removed from something, such as clothing or cloth by washing or rubbing
to become easy to notice.
to come up with -to think of, to imagine a solution or idea.
Match the columns:
come across - affect sb strongly
come up with – become available to the public
come out - think of
come down with – find by chance
come over - get ill
2. Complete the sentences:
1. I love this painting. I came ... it in the attic when Iwas cleaning up. (to find something by chance)
2.Their new CD came... only a few weeks ago and has already sold millions. (to be available to the public)
3. Would you like to come ... to me my place for a coffee? (to visit casually)
4.She has taken some aspirin so her temperature has come ... (to decrease)
5. When I tried to open the door, the handle came ... in my hand! (to become unstuck)
3. Choose the correct particle:
1. I came ... some old photos when Iwas tidying my bedroom.
1) across2) into3) for
2. I’m sorry but I haven’t come ... any solution yet. I don’t know what we can do.
1) up with2) into3) for
3. Everything came… all right in the end.
1) out 2) across 3) up with
4. Some friends came … last night, which was nice.
1) out 2) over 3) across
5. My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
1) out 2) down with 3) for
4. Complete the sentences:
1. Have you come …any mysterious looking figures lately? Send us your pictures.
2. Can you write imaginative stories? Send in the scariest stories you can come ….
3. Have you ever walked into a room or house and had a weird feeling come … you? Share your experiences with us.
4. We are looking for articles, stories and pictures for our Scary & Mysterious issue that comes … next month.
5. I asked Larry for some suggestions and he came ... a lot of very good ideas.
6. George won’t be at the office today. He came ... the flu over the weekend.
7. I can’t wait until the next Harry Potter book comes ....
Шаг 4
Phrasal verb: break
To break down – 1) is used when a machine or vehicle stops working.
2)is used when someone starts crying uncontrollably or becomes very ill when they cannot cope with their problems
to break in/into – 1) to enter a property by force or illegally
2) to interrupt someone when they are speaking
to break off - to end аrelationship, agreement, talks
to break out- 1)to escape from prison.
2)to begin suddenly (war etc).
to break to - to tell bad news in a kind way.
to break up - 1) to stop for holidays (school etc)
2)to end a relationship
3) to break something to make smaller pieces
4) if a meeting or other event ends and people leave.
Match two columns:
break out of– start, happen suddenly
break up – get out of somewhere, get away
break down – enter by force to steal
break into – separate, split
break out – go wrong, not work
Choose the proper particle:
1. The TV station broke... to report the tragic news.
1)in2) down 3) off
2. Our car broke... at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
1) up2) down 3) into
3. It seems that the fire broke... in the kitchen.
1)up2)down 3) out
4. When we told her what had happened she broke... and cried.
1) up2)down 3) in
5. My boyfriend and I broke ... before I moved to America.
1)up2)down 3) off
6. We were talking about Ralph when Sue broke... and said we didn’t know anything about him.
1)in2)down 3) off
7. His house was broken ... last week.
1) up2) down 3) into
8. He had to break the bad news …her.
1)up 2) off 3) into
Put in: down, up, into/in, into, out.
1. The amount doesn’t seem quite so bad when you break it... into monthly payments.
2. Break that old wardrobe ...; then I can put it on the fire.
3. I am nervous about using the washing machine in case it breaks... again.
4. When did Diana and Fred break...?
5. Somebody broke... Jane’s apartment while she was at the movies.
6. What time did the party break... last night?
7. We have broken the costs ... by area so we can see what regions are less profitable.
8. The prisoners broke... of jail when the guards weren’t looking.
9. If you break... the big jobs into individual tasks, they will be much more manageable.
10.The hut has been empty for a while and children have been breaking... it
Шаг 5
Phrasal verb : run
to run away- to escape (often secretly, because you’re unhappy).
to run away with- to steal.
to run across/into someone – 1) to meet or encounter difficulties/ problems.
2) to meet by accident.
to run out of - to have по more left or по longer have a supply.
to run over - to drive a vehicle over a person or thing
to run through - 1) to revise or rehearse something to practice or check
2) to use up.
Match the columns:
run through – enter by moving quickly
run over – escape, go away
run out of – meet by accident, leave by running
run into – rehearse, pass through
run away – knock down, visit a place for a short time
Choose the proper particle:
1. Can you get some coffee from the shops; I’m afraid we’ve run ... .
1) in 2) out3) off
2.She’s in hospital after being run... by a car on Market Street.
1) down 2)away3) off
3. Joan ran... from home after an argument with her parents.
1) in 2)up3) away
4.The robbers ran... when the, police arrived and haven’t been caught yet.
1.)into 2) away 3) out of
5. My dog always runs ... cats; she hates them.
1) after 2) into 3) over
6. I was walking down Regent Street the other day when I ran... my old German teacher.
1) in 2) into 3) to
7. He lost his driving licenses after he ran... a child because he was driving too fast and couldn’t stop in time.
1) after 2) out of 3) over
Fill in: away, across, through, up, over, into.
1. You`ll see what I mean when I`ve had this tune running … my head.
2. Don`t run … , I want to talk to you.
3. The ship had to run … the harbour for shelter when the sudden storm arose.
4. All the people ran … of the burning building.
5. Will you run … to the shop to buy some butter?
6. You`ll see what I mean when you run the film … .
7. Sara ran... her ex-boyfriend in the supermarket. She said it was very embarrassing.
8. He ran... difficulties when he tired to enter the country without a visa.
9. The old man was run... by a bus.
Шаг 6
Phrasal verb: check
сheck up on- to make sure
check out – to try
check in - to register
check on- to make sure smb/smth is alright
check off- to tick
check out of – topay the bill and leave
Match the columns:
сheck up on try
checkout make sure
check in pay the bill and leave
check on make sure smb/smth is alright
check off register
check out of tick
2. Choose the correct particle:
1. It is always advisable to check … early to get a good seat on your flight.
a) in b) off c) on
2. The teacher checked the children’s names … as they entered.
a) out b) off c) in
3. How can you check … whether it will rain that day?
a) on b) off c) in
4. Have you checked … each room to see if it is fit for a guest?
a)out b) on c) out of
5. The police are checking … him.
a) out b) up on c) out of
6. What time do you have to check … at work?
a) out b) in c) on
7. I am just going to check the book … the library.
a) on b) out of c) off
3.Complete the sentences:
After you…, someone will help you carry your luggage to your room.
Alice always…her children to make sure they are sleeping safely before she goes to bed herself.
Laura …the items on her shopping list as she went around the supermarket.
Would you like to …the new amusement arcade this weekend?
Peter was asked to return his room key when he …the hotel.
Every now and then my parents go to my school to …how I’m doing.
Шаг 7
Phrasal verb: keep
to keep back - 1) to conceal
2) to refuse to tell somebody something
keep off– 1) to stay away from.
2) not to talk about a particular subject
keep on - to continue with something/
keep out of- not to get involved in something
to keep up with- to continue to be informed
1. Match the columns:
keep off – prevent
keep out of – not come
keep back – stay on schedule
keep up with- continue
keep on - not go near
2. Complete the sentences:
1. Keep ... the motorway in the morning, there are always traffic jams at that time. (to stay away from)
2. Try to keep the wet dog ... of the living room. (to exclude sb/ sth)
3. If you keepthose results ... you will get into a great college. (to continue at the same rate)
4. Sam walks so fast that no one can keep ... him. (to go at the same speed as someone or something)
5. It’s got nothing to do with me. I’m keeping... it. (not to get involved in something)
3. Choose the correct particle:
1. She was walking so fast that Icouldn’tkeep... her.
1) up with 2) out 3) off
2. All night long he kept... asking me questions about it.
1) up 2) off 3) on
3. We kept... some of the money for emergencies.
1) out 2) up 3) back
4. It’s not my business. I keep … their arguments.
1)out of 2) up with 3) off
5. Although he failed his exam, he kept … studying and retook it in May.
1) on 2) out of 3) off
6. Keep …the benches. The paint is wet.
1) out of 2) on 3) off
4. Put in the proper particle:
The notice should keep unwanted visitors … .
I`m glad you are keeping … your studies.
Take a beach umbrella to keep the sun … .
Warm clothing helps to keep … … cold.
Keep … stray dogs.
He started talking about it. I tried to keep … the subject.
Keep … some of the cream to put on top of the dessert.
Шаг 8
Phrasal verb: carry
carry away (be carried away) - to be very exited, remove; inspire
carry off – to win, succeed, to handleаdifficult situation successfully
carry on (with) - to continue with
carry out - to conduct an experiment, make
carry through - to complete successfully
Match correctly:
to carry away- to fulfill
to carry off- to complete something in spite of difficulties
to carry on- to succeed in
to carry out- to excite
to carry through - to continue
2. Choose the proper particle:
1. The music was so cool that she was carried __
1) off 2)away3)on
2. You carry... painting this wall and I’ll go and get some more brushes.
1) off2)out 3) on
3. They carried... some tests to see the effects on the new drug.
1) out 2)on 3) away
4. The politician carried his hearers with his speech.
1) away 2) out 3) on
5. We all have certain duties and joins to carry … .
1) through 2) away 3) out
3.Put in the proper particle:
Theywere all carried …by his performance.
Shecarriedher speech …well.
I don’t think anyone but Denis can carrythis project … .
Carry …your work while I am out.
The investigators have been carrying …tests on the pieces of plane recovered after the accident.
Шаг 9
Phrasal verb: get
get away - to move away from smth
get along(with) – to make friends
get over- to overcome smth
get down ( to)- to start doing smth
get on (with)- to move forward
Underline the proper particle:
I hate getting on/off/up early in the winter when it’s still dark.
Children mustn’t get in / on / out strangers’ cars.
It took her a long time to get over / by / in the illness.
The teacher asked them to get on / into / out of the work quietly.
I tried ringing but I could not get over / into / through to her office.
The bad news really got him up / down / off.
Will we get on / through / together for a drink at the weekend?
I didn’t mean to get you on / into / onto trouble.
It’s two o’clock: I must get around / on / back to the office.
Helen got off / on / in her bike and rode off.
I’m not sure I got on / of / across that very well. I don’t think they really understood.
2. Complete with the correct prepositions: along, down , over, on with, away.
1. The sooner we start writing an essay, the sooner we get it ________.
2. I have difficulty to get _______my ideas about summer holidays _______to you.
3. It’s easy to get _________ with Anna as she always looks on the bright side of the life.
4. It took me much time to get _________ this strange disease.
1. Do you __________ with your brother?
2. This grammar material is so difficult. The teacher fails to _________ it _______ to the students.
3. This rainy weather _______ me _________.
4. She couldn’t ___________ the fact that her son had failed the exam.
3. Insert the right words to complete the sentences with the verb toget.
1. We get very well with our new neighbors; they are very nice people.
2. In winter, when it's dark it is so difficult to get____in the morning.
3. I asked the bus driver where I should get_______.
4. Look at the time! Let's get_________to business.
5. I can't get __________my dislike of snakes.
6. If the information gets_________, you'll be very sorry about it.
7. Jack is a terrible boy, he has got ________with my keys again.
Шаг 10
Phrasal verb: rush
rush at- to attack smb/smth
rush in/into- to break in
rush out/off- to go away quickly
rush to- to leave, to go
1.Insert the right words to complete the sentences with the verb to rush.
1. Everyone rushed the room to see what was happening.
2. Don't rushconclusions. This is not her final decision.
3. I'm afraid we'll have to rush ______ the old lady to hospital.
4. The big cock rushed _____ the little chick.
5. Jane was very hungry and rushed _____ her sandwich as soon as it was brought.
6. Please don't rush________without knocking.
2. Underline the proper particle:
1) Suddenly a fantastic idea rushed (into/out of) my head.
2) Don’t rush (off/in) , I haven’t finished the conversation yet.
3) Why do you rush (to/at) me every time I try to speak to you?
4) He rushed the children ( to/into) school so they wouldn’t be late.
5) Don’t rush (to/into) conclusions, we haven’t decided everything yet.
6) Hearing the rude words Meggy rushed (off/into) down the corridor.
7) The criminals rushed (at/to) the guard and stole his keys.
8) I rushed (to/at) the room to pack my suitcase before she came back.
9) Dan was rushed (to/off) hospital with serious head injures.
10) Suddenly the door opened and Joe rushed (in/at).
3. Choose the right phrasal verb.
1) Don’t (rush/turn) into marriage, you should think about it carefully.
2) You have done nothing for weeks and your exams are only a week away. It really is time for you to (rush/get) down to some serious study.
3) The gang (rushed/turned) at the man and took his watch and wallet.
4) As it (rushed/turned) out, we were right when decided to leave early.
5) Ambulance crews (rushed/turned) to the scene of the car accident.
Список использованной литературы
1. Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт среднего (полного) общего образования [Электронный ресурс]. М, 2012. URL: http://www.edu.ru/db/mo/Data/d_12/m413.pdf. – Загл. с экрана.
2. Соловова Е. Н. Методика обучения иностранным языкам : базовый курс лекций : пособие для студентов пед. вузов и учителей. М.: Просвещение,
2016. 239 с.
3. Камянова Т. Успешный английский. Системный подход к изучению английского языка. М.: Эксмо, 2017. 480 с.
4. 10. Бирюкова О. А., Трошин А. И. Фразовые глаголы на уроке английского языка: общие сведения и методические рекомендации // Проблемы современных интеграционных процессов и пути их решения : сб. статей по итогам Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Сургут, 26 июня 2017). Стерлитамак :
АМИ, 2017. С. 35–40.
5.Английский язык 7 класс.: учеб. для общеобразоват. учреждений и школ с углубл. изучением англ. яз. с прил. на электрон. носителе. / О.В. Афанасьева, И.В. Михеева – 4 изд.- М.: Просвещение, 2017. – 352 с.: ил. – ISBN 978-5-09-042661-9.
6.Английский язык 8 класс.: учеб. для общеобразоват. учреждений и школ с углубл. изучением англ. яз. с прил. на электрон. носителе. / О.В. Афанасьева, И.В. Михеева – 4 изд.- М.: Просвещение, 2018. – 276 с.: ил. – ISBN 978-5-09-042661-7.
7. Английский язык. Английский в фокусе: учеб. для 9 класса общеобразовательных учреждений /Ю.Е. Ваулина, Дж. Дули, О.Е. Подоляко, В. Эванс – М.: ExpressPublishing: Просвещение, 2016
8. Английский язык. Английский в фокусе: учеб. для 10 класса общеобразовательных учреждений /Ю.Е. Ваулина, Дж. Дули, О.Е. Подоляко, В. Эванс – М.: ExpressPublishing: Просвещение, 2017
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