Message on the subject:
«History of music»
Moscow, 2022
Introduction
Art exists in its specific forms: literature, theater, graphics, painting, music, architecture, cinema, photography, etc. The reason for the division of art into types is the variety of types of human social practice in the field of artistic exploration of the world, based on the aesthetic diversity of reality. On the basis of world-historical practice, the richness of the human spirit arose, the aesthetic feelings of a person, his musical ear, an eye that knows how to enjoy beauty developed.
At all times, people have been looking for and finding all kinds of ways of self-expression - from rock paintings to modern sophisticated computer programs and other things. Art accompanied humanity at all stages of its development and took all kinds of forms. And one of them is music – a kind of creativity that originated in ancient times, underwent huge changes in means and types, and is rightfully considered one of the most beloved and significant for a person.
The main part
Music originated at the lowest stages of social development, performing mainly a utilitarian role - ritual, rhythmic in work, while contributing to the unification of people in a single process. In the future, music became inextricably linked with literature. Poetic works - fairy tales, ballads, etc. were intoned with melody, hummed. Music was also in synthesis with dance.
Music is an art form designed for auditory perception and characterized by a direct and particularly active effect on people's feelings.
The main means of expression here is sound and other components of the musical form: melody, polyphony, harmony, rhythm, composition, etc. Music creates sounds of a special property that do not exist in nature and that do not exist outside of music. Musical sound has an intonational nature. The first musical instrument was the voice.
In ancient Greece, a myth arose that tells about Orpheus, a beautiful singer who conquered the evil furies who let him into the kingdom of the shadows of Hades. It is known that by singing and playing the lyre (kithara) Orpheus could animate rocks and trees. The festive retinues of the god Dionysus were also distinguished by music and dance. There are a lot of Dionysian scenes in the musical iconography, where along with wine and viands, people playing musical instruments are depicted in his surroundings.
After studying music from different peoples, the first sources of folklore of the oldest tribes, several scientific hypotheses were put forward to explain the origin of music. According to one of them, music as an art form originated on the basis of dance based on rhythm. This theory is confirmed by the culture of Africa, Asia and Latin America, where rhythm and mobility play a dominant role in music, and the most important instruments are percussion.
Theory of Ch . Darwin's theory, based on natural selection and the survival of the fittest organisms, made it possible to assume that music appeared as a special form of wildlife, as a sound-intonation competition in the love of males (which of them is more vociferous, which is more beautiful).
The "linguistic" theory of the origin of music considers the intonational foundations of music, its connection with speech. A person needed to supply sound signals, which led him to the fact that from the discordant, unstable in pitch sounds, the voice began to fix the tone at the same height, then fix certain intervals between different tones (distinguish intervals more euphonious, primarily the octave, which was perceived as merging) and repeat short motifs. An important role in the understanding of musical phenomena was played by the ability of a person to transpose the same motif, tune. At the same time, the means for extracting sounds were both a voice and a musical instrument.
The rhythm participated in the intonation process (intonation rhythm) and helped to identify the most significant tones for singing, marked out caesures, and contributed to the formation of frets.
Conclusion
Music emerged from the lowest stages of social development, and later became closely associated with literature.
There are many theories about the appearance of music.
Music reflected all human conditions – from festive to the most utopian, and never left a person, whether it was family rituals or interethnic wars. She has helped people from the beginning to this day. She harmoniously fit into the whole system of arts – she became a wonderful addition to many of them and was often embellished by them herself. Music perfectly fit into the culture of a person and was strengthened there forever, spreading to all sides of his life.
