THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD WITH A HEARING IMPAIRMENT
TatianaV. Lukyanova
3rd year student of the faculty of preschool, primary and special education
Belgorod State National Research University,
Belgorod
Scientific supervisor
Alexander V. Markov
senior lecturer
Foreign languages department
NRU BSU
Abstract. This paper analyses the types of relationships between parents and children with hearing impairment. The article defines the role of family upbringing of children with the given pathology. The directions of correction influence of a family on the development of hearing-impaired child are considered.
Key words: hearing impairment, family, personality development, raising a special child, a child with hearing disturbance.
Family is a place where a child starts to develop as a full-fledged personality. The main purpose of a family upbringing is to influence all areas of a child's life. It is in the family where the child begins to learn certain standards and rules of behavior, the idea of themselves and others, the world at large. Successful personal development of the child in the future, as well as his primary socialization depends on the type of relationships to be established in the family.
Speaking of children with hearing difficulties, the importance of family relationships increases dramatically during the personal development of these children. The problem of choosing the right strategy of interaction with a child with hearing analyzer disorders is described in the works of T.G. Bogdanova, R.M. Boskis, L.A. Golovchits, E.I. Isenina, B.D. Korsunskaya, E.I. Leonhard, N.V. Mazurova, E.F. Rau, E.G. Samsonova, N.D. Shmatko.
It has been noted that for these children, communication with their parents is particularly important, as they have a strong dependence on their relatives due to their developmental characteristics [2].
The problem of the influence of intrafamilial relations on the formation of the personality of a child with a hearing impairment is relevant, because the relationship established between parents and the child determines how successful their further development will be and whether they will be able to adapt in society in the future.
As N.G. Morozova says, a well-formed system of corrective and pedagogical work which includes not only teachers but also parents can help children to avoid all kinds of difficulties resulting from developmental disorders [5].
Considering the psychological situation in families where a special child is being brought up, it is necessary to take into account the extent to which parents understand and accept his or her defect. B.D. Korsunskaya says that the type of relationship depends on the degree of parents' involvement in their child's socialization. She distinguishes four basic stages in the psychological awareness of having a special child [4].
1.The first stage is characterized by a state of loss, sometimes even fear. Parents identify themselves and their child as inferior, helpless. They are anxious about their child having a developmental disability. At this point the preconditions for establishing a relationship between parents and their hearing-impaired child are formed.
2.The second stage is characterised by shock, which will later develop into negativism and rejection of the child. This may be expressed in refusal of examinations and further corrective measures.
3. the third stage is expressed in a deeply depressive state of the parents, after full acceptance and awareness of their child's diagnosis.
4.The fourth stage is characterised by a gradual mental adaptation of the parents, who are already able to assess the situation correctly.
Further interaction and the nature of the parent-child relationship may vary. Considering these differences S.M. Khorosh speaks about possible types of parent-child relationships for a child with a hearing impairment [7]. They may be appropriate or inappropriate.
If parents think their child is helpless because of the impairment of the auditory analyzer functions, that he/she needs constant protection, in other words, if they see him/her as sick, this attitude is considered inadequate.
Analysis of data from various studies shows that most parents can also be prone to constant control of the child's behaviour. This controlling style of interaction manifests itself in parents choosing topics of conversation and their direction without regard to the interests and wishes of the child.
Based on this we can say that there are two variants of inappropriate attitudes. The first one is expressed in overprotection of the child and reduced requirements for him/her. The second one, on the contrary, is the devaluation of the interests and desires of the child, and total control over their behaviour. Neither of these measures will help the child to adapt to society and to thrive. On the contrary, they have a negative effect on the child and can lead to a number of secondary disorders, personality development disorders, thereby causing mental retardation.
The relationship between parents and their child is defined as adequate when the child is perceived as healthy in the family. The parents are also aware that the child has special developmental needs and that these need to be taken into account in the organisation of the upbringing process. This means they can accept that the child has special needs. The parents are also expected to support and assist them in their child's further development.
Consequently, the right type of relationship is one in which the parent is able to change their self-image. In other words, he or she is able to have an adequate and positive perception of the personality of the child with a developmental disability. To avoid difficulties in the process of raising a child with a hearing impairment, parents need to take a pro-active stance in life. They should be interested in their child's ability to develop. Moreover, parents need to help them in the process of adaptation and learning [1, 3].
In addition to this, parents also need to pay attention to the remedial aspect of their child's development. There are some requirements which need to be considered [6]:
- Your child should be gradually accustomed to wearing hearing aids from an early age. It should be worn continuously and should only be removed at night;
- Pay attention to improving your child's physical hearing and intelligence in the initial stages of development. This is important because children with hearing loss cannot access much auditory information as their normal developmental peers, and this can diminish their cognitive abilities;
- Parents need to be aware of their children's basic developmental needs, and need to exercise patience and restraint because children with hearing loss can be difficult to understand: they cannot express themselves clearly through speech because of their impairment.
Based on an analysis of how the relationship between parents and children with hearing impairment might develop, we can conclude that the family is an important part of the child's care and development. It is here that the child's self-image and personality begin to form. Parents play a decisive role in shaping their child's identity. With their help, he gains the necessary life experience, learn new skills. What is important is that these skills are quite different from those of a hearing impaired child.
This is why parental help in this process is essential.
In families raising a special child, there can often be difficulties and problems. Parents must be able to correctly assess the situation and take the difficulties that arise in the upbringing process into account. After all, their children can only develop into fully-fledged individuals, if they care about them, support and help them through the whole process of their development.
List of references
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2. Bogdanova T.G., Mazurova N.V. The influence of intrafamily relations on the development of personality of deaf junior schoolchildren [Electronic resource] // Defectology. 1998. № 5. URL: https://uchebnikfree.com/knigi-sotsialnaya-psihologiya/bogdanova-mazurova-vliyanie-vnutrisemeynyih-42560.html
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