TEST
1.Choose the correct answer: A jewellery shop ... .. last night.
1.was broken into
2.has been broken into
3.had been broken into
2. Choose the correct plural form A policewoman –
1.policewomans
2.policewomen
3.policewomens
4.policewomanes
3. Choose the correct plural form A mother-in-law –
1.mothers-in-law
2.mother-ins-law
3.mother-in-laws
4.mothers-in-laws
4. Choose the adjective:
1.defendant
2.available
3.custody
4.cofession
5.Choose the correct answer: They needed his help very much. He … there, but decided not to do it.
1. must have gone
2. may have gone
3. should have gone
4. should go
6. Fill in the gap with an appropriate verb: The government of the USA is composed of three __________________ of power: executive, legislative, judicial.
7. Choose the correct answer
A burglar wanted to steal a valuable picture. One night he ___ (1) into the house and went into the hall. Suddenly a ghost entered the hall. The robber was so much shocked he could hardly ____ (2). ''Hi! - said the ghost. What a pretty costume. Very life-like!'' At that moment a smiling vampire came in. In his hand he was holding a glass with some red liquid. The vampire shouted, ''How nice you ___ (3), we are running ___(4) of the drink. The burglar rushed ___ (5) the house. On the gate he saw the following words: ''Like ___ (6) up? Our party is just for you!'' It was only a Halloween party. If he only had known about it! The burglar thought that after ___ (7) time he ___ (8) no more.
1. A broke В broken C had broken
2. A Stay В stand C stop
3. A came В have come C are coming
4. A away В off C out
5. A out of В away from C through
6. A clothing В dressing C putting
7. A it В then C this
8. A steal В will steal C would steal
Notes:
1 Act of Settlement – акт о престолонаследии
2 be elevated to the bench – возвысить до положения судьи
3 Magistrate, Justice of the Peace (JP) – судья, мировой судья
4 “soundcommonsense” – (зд.) чувство здравого смысла
5Magistrates’Courts – суд магистратов, мировой суд (рассматривает дела о
мелких преступлениях)
8. Read the text and complete the exercises below
“Judges”
The judge is the presiding officer of the court. The statutory basis for the appointment of judges dates from the Act of Settlement 1700 (1).
Judges themselves are not a separate profession: they are barristers who have demonstrated competence in litigation and have been elevated to the bench (2), itself a name derived from the part of the Court where they sit. A barrister always enters the judiciary at the lower trial level. He is thereafter promoted, if he proves successful in the initial judicial post.
The traditional function of judges is to apply existing rules of law to the case before them. The judge decides the interpretation of the law. After all the evidence has been given the judge summarizes the case, both law and facts, for the jury. This is called his summing up.
Judges are capable of “making law” both through the interpretation of statutes and the doctrine of precedent. When an Act of Parliament makes no provision for the case in question and there is no existing precedent, the judge must, if necessity, create a new law.
Judges are not under the control of Parliament, or the Civil Service. The independence of the judiciary is a fundamental principle of constitutional law. Closely related to judicial independence is the doctrine of judicial immunity.
The professional judges, “High Court Judges”, deal with the most serious crimes. They are paid salaries by the state. Alongside with the professional judges there are unpaid judges. They are called “Magistrates” or “Justices of the Peace” (JPs) (3). They are ordinary citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have sound “common sense”(4) and understanding of their fellow human beings.
Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody, even the Magistrates themselves, knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from different professions and social classes.
The work of the Magistrates’ Courts (5) throughout the country depends on the unpaid services of JPs.
8a. Say if these statements are true or false.
1. The judge is the presiding officer of the court.
2. A barrister always enters the judiciary at the highest level.
3. Judges are capable of “making law” through the doctrine of precedent.
4. Judicial independence is a fundamental principle of constitutional law.
5. Magistrates are also the professional judges but they deal with the less serious crimes.
8b. Complete the following sentences:
1. The judge is ...
2. Judges are barristers who ...
3. Judge’s summing up is ...
4. The fundamental principle of constitutional law is ...
5. The professional judges deal with ...
