PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN OUTSTANDING ACTIVITIES

PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN OUTSTANDING ACTIVITIES

Annotation. The article deals with the problem of patriotic education of schoolchildren in extracurricular activities. The issue of patriotic education is currently one of the central issues, it is becoming extremely important. The article contains a description of the methods and forms used in educational work to form the patriotic consciousness of younger students.

Key words: education, patriotism, extracurricular activities, patriotic education, junior schoolchild.

The patriotic education of the modern younger generation is one of the most important tasks of the modern school, because childhood and adolescence is the most fertile time for instilling such an important feeling as love for the Motherland. Patriotism is one of the most important features of a comprehensively developed personality. Schoolchildren should develop a sense of pride in their homeland and their people. At present, the role of the school in terms of the formation of the patriotic education of schoolchildren cannot be overestimated. Regular use of methodological literature helps to raise noble personalities from small non-orientated children who love their country, and most importantly, who are ready at any time to rise to its defense.

The upbringing of a patriot is an urgent pedagogical problem that should be considered at the state level. In this regard, parents and teachers are faced with the task of introducing new methods and means for the development of patriotic qualities in children into the educational process. The modern approach should not be based on the invention of innovative methods. You just need to remember the methods and techniques of previous generations, adapt them to today's realities.

The understanding of patriotism is currently characterized by multivariance and diversity. This is largely due to the complex nature of this phenomenon, the multidimensional content and variety of forms of manifestation. In addition, the problem of patriotism is considered by different researchers in various historical, socio-economic and political conditions, depending on personal civic position, attitude to one's Fatherland, on the use of various spheres of knowledge, etc.

The term "patriotism" is used not only in scientific research literature, but also in speeches, discussions, articles, election programs of politicians and political parties, movements, cultural workers, art workers, etc. Accordingly, the range of interpretation of the term is very wide.

From a pedagogical point of view, patriotism, in addition to moral feelings, includes the corresponding consumer and motivational sphere of the individual, her patriotic consciousness and behavior, which, being consolidated, in their totality characterize patriotism as a moral quality supported by a special feeling. At the personal level, patriotism acts as the most important, stable characteristic of a person, expressed in his worldview, moral ideals, and norms of behavior. However, for every modern person, the concept of "patriotism" is individual, carrying an individual meaning and individual goals. In one thing, this concept will be similar for many people: love for the Motherland, but do not forget that for each person feelings for the Motherland - Fatherland are manifested in different ways.

Patriotic education involves the formation of socially significant orientations among citizens, a harmonious combination of personal and public interests, overcoming processes and phenomena alien to society, destroying its foundations and the potential of creation. The technology of patriotic education should be aimed at creating conditions for the national revival of the country. An integral part of patriotic education is military-patriotic education, aimed at developing readiness for military service as a special type of public service.

The goal of patriotic education is the development in Russian society of high social activity, civic responsibility, spirituality, the formation of citizens with positive values ​​and qualities, capable of manifesting them in the creative process in the interests of the Fatherland, strengthening the state, ensuring its vital interests and sustainable development.

At the heart of patriotic education in the process of extracurricular activities is the education in students of certain patriotic feelings in relation to their homeland. This main goal is realized both during working hours and after school hours, but a distinctive feature of this time is voluntariness, i.e. students may be given the choice to participate or not to participate in the activity. And at the appointed time - there is no such choice, it is obligatory and is aimed at mastering the basic general educational program.

In extracurricular activities, the main task is to form students' personal and metasubject results. Here the student must learn to make choices, learn to make decisions and act independently within the framework of this activity. When organizing extracurricular activities within the framework of general educational institutions, it is advisable to use a variety of forms of organization. For example: excursions, hobby groups, sports clubs, historical and other clubs, scientific societies, school subject Olympiads, competitions, etc.

The features of the patriotic education of children of primary school age are:

- formation of interest in the history of your family, pedigree, history of the city;

- the formation of interest in folk culture, spiritual connection with the native people;

- education of high human emotions that lie in the experiences of early childhood;

- the formation of a national spiritual character in a child;

- joint emotional and sensory activity of children and adults.

One of the main forms of educational work is the class hour. This form of activity contributes to the formation of a system of attitudes towards the outside world in younger schoolchildren. The excursion as a form of educational work is used in educational and extracurricular activities. The teacher chooses this form when it is necessary to acquaint students with real life, with objects of the real world in their natural environment. In it, both cognition and active interaction of children with objects, objects, phenomena of the natural, social, cultural environment take place, which, naturally, has a greater impact on children than acquaintance with books.

One of the main methods of the pedagogical process is conversation, which consists in a direct conversation between a teacher and a student, direct pedagogical contact. Play is the most important sphere of a child's life and an effective method of upbringing. It is impossible to imagine the patriotic upbringing of junior schoolchildren without game design, game elements. Therefore, it is necessary to use play more widely, instilling in children a value relationship to their country, its history and culture, its people, its traditions, customs, art, etc. There is a wide variety of games that can be used in the process of patriotic education.

Thus, we can conclude that patriotism is one of the most significant values, is an important personality trait, manifests itself in vigorous activity for the good of the fatherland, characterizes the highest level of development not only of the individual, but also of the state.

Therefore, it is necessary to start the process of educating a patriot as early as possible. The younger school age is most favorable for solving the problems of patriotic education. After all, a child of this age is gullible, inclined to imitate, inspiring and malleable. Impressions experienced in primary school age remain in memory for life.

The system of means and methods by which a sense of patriotism can be formed is extremely extensive. It is important to choose those of them that would not contradict the general tasks of training and education and would leave a mark. In elementary school, patriotic education is most effectively carried out by alternating various forms (class hours, excursions, travel, holidays, collective creative affairs, actions), using a variety of means and methods (conversation, example, competition, game, quiz). Extracurricular activities have a certain potential for solving the problems of patriotic education.

List of references.

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