THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATIONS WITH THE TYPE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION IN ADOLESCENTS
Lebedinskaya A. Y.
3rd year student of the faculty of psychology of NRU BSU
Supervisor: senior lecturer A.V. Markov, NRU BSU
Belgorod
Abstract: the article examines the relationship between character accentuations and the leading type of psychological defense in adolescents.
Keywords:accentuations, types of psychological protection, adolescents, character.
Adolescence is characterized by great emotionality and unstable behavior, and conflict situations only increase a person's stress level. Protective mechanisms are formed in every teenager, based on the fundamental traits of his character. The totality of the extreme manifestations of the norm of these traits forms an accentuation. Depending on what type of accentuation is formed in a teenager, that kind of psychological protection will be formed in a person. That is why nowadays it is especially important to study the relationship of character accentuations with types of psychological defense in order to prevent the development of destructive manifestations of protective mechanisms.
The greatest contribution to the development of the problem of types of psychological protection among domestic scientists was made by F.V. Bassin [1], R.M. Granovskaya [3] and B.D. Karvasarsky [4]. They emphasized the decisive role of protective mechanisms in reducing the subjective significance of the stress factor. Among foreign researchers, it is worth mentioning Z. Freud, who is the founder of the study of defense mechanisms, as well as A. Freud and K. Horney, who tried to systematize knowledge and theory about the mechanisms of psychological defense, and also put forward the opinion that they are formed in the process of learning.
Now let's focus on the researchers who studied the peculiarities of the formation of character accentuations. For the first time P.B, Gannushkin spoke about pronounced character traits [2]. A.P. described psychotypes as a set of accentuations and psychopathies. The contribution of A.E. Lichko [6] created his own classification of characters, which became more widespread. Modern scientist V.V. Ponomarenko [7] has developed his own technology for character type recognition, which is based on the manifestation of character in physique, appearance and behavior. К. Leonhard [5] introduced the concept of "accentuated personality", and also compiled one of the first typologies of personality.
Thus, it is very important to study character accentuations that are capable of forming destructive forms of psychological defense so that it is possible to prevent this. Since the most acute types of accentuation are manifested in adolescence, it is this contingent of people that we will study in our study.
The hypothesis of the study: there is an inverse relationship between character accentuations and the type of psychological defense, namely: the more pronounced such types of accentuations as getting stuck, pedantry and anxiety are in adolescents, the less often they use intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
In our study, we used the following methodological material: a test for the diagnosis of the type of psychological defense (R. Plutchik - G. Kellerman - H.R. Conte), a method for diagnosing character accentuations (K. Leonhard - G. Shmishek), drawing "Non-existent animal" (M.Z. Dukarevich).
The study was conducted on the basis of schools No. 3. It was attended by students of grades 9-11 aged 15-17 years in the number of 50 people, of which 29 girls and 21 boys.
The figure 2.2.1. presents the data on the severity of different types of accentuations in modern adolescents in average scores.
Fig. 2.2.1. The severity of different types of accentuations in modern adolescents (GPA, max = 24 s.)
In the figure 2.2.1. we can see that the most common type of accentuation among modern adolescents is the exalted type. This suggests that modern teenagers tend to react violently to life situations. Their emotions may be too bright and strong. The mood of such teenagers is very changeable: one minute they were jumping with happiness, in a minute they can become depressed and apathetic. Even such insignificant things as a spilled glass or a wind that scattered sheets on the table can provide such a sharp drop in energy.
The next stage of our research was to identify the types of psychological protection. The figure 2.2.2. presents the results of the severity of various types of psychological protection in adolescents.
Fig. 2.2.2. The severity of various types of psychological protection in adolescents (GPA, max = 100%)
In the figure 2.2.2. we can see that the most common defense mechanism among adolescents is projection and reactive formations. The data obtained indicate that it is more typical for modern adolescents to attribute to other people such characteristics that a person considers incorrect. In this case, they put themselves in a better light compared to others, although in fact they are only trying to justify the presence of these negative qualities in themselves.
The next stage of our research was the drawing technique "Non-existent animal". Among all the characteristics, it is possible to distinguish general, characterizing the average results of the entire group of subjects. These include a weak pressure on the pencil, which indicates asthenia or passivity. Also, many subjects had reduced image sizes, which indicate self-doubt, isolation and alienation. There are multiple dashed lines, as well as copious correction and reworking of the drawing. Many subjects have animals flying in the air, which indicates a lack of stability and support, lack of self-confidence. Also, multiple lines may indicate an anxious state at the time of the examination.
Next, we wondered if the severity of different types of accentuations differs between boys and girls. As a result of the study, we obtained a statistically significant difference at a reliable level of significance on the scale of "Emotivity" (Uemp=160**), a statistically significant difference at a sufficient level of significance on the scale of "Getting stuck " (Uemp=214), "Excitability" (Uemp =214), "Cyclothymicity" (Uemp=190). The data obtained by us suggest that the emotive type of accentuation is more characteristic for modern girls than for modern boys, that is, they are more sensitive and emotional. Also, unlike young men, the following types of accentuations are most characteristic for them: stuck (they are more touchy, they have affects for longer), excitable (impulsive, poorly controlled drives and impulses), cyclothymic (they have frequent causeless fluctuations in mood and behavior).
In order to identify differences in the use of various methods of psychological protection in girls and boys, a statistical analysis of the data was carried out. As a result of the study, we obtained a statistically significant difference at a high level of significance for the following indicators: "Regression" (Uemp = 160), "Substitution" (Uemp = 118,5), "General tension" (Uemp = 161,5). According to the "Displacement" scale (Uemp = 200,5), a statistically significant difference was found at a reliable level of significance. A statistically significant difference was also found at a sufficient level of significance on the scale of "Reactive formations" (Uemp = 216,5).
The data obtained by us suggest that for modern girls, to a greater extent than for boys, such mechanisms of psychological protection as regression and substitution are characteristic. This means that girls are more likely to return to early states when a traumatic event has not yet occurred, and are also more prone to infantilism and helplessness.
In the course of correlation analysis, the presence of feedback of the stuck, pedantic and anxious type of accentuation with the mechanism of psychological defense "Intellectualization" was established. This allows us to say that the more one of these types of accentuations is expressed, the less a teenager will strive to find logical conclusions and attitudes to calm himself. Thus, we can conclude that our hypothesis has been confirmed.
Based on the data obtained, a number of recommendations were formulated addressed to teachers and parents for proper interaction with a particular accentuated personality. It should also be taken into account the fact that in each specific case, a pedagogically neglected teenager needs a strictly individual approach based on a trusting attitude towards the child.
List of references
1. Bassin, F. V. On the power of the "I" and psychological protection / F.V. Bassin // Questions of philosophy. 1969. No. 2. - pp. 118-125.
2. Gannushkin, P. B. Clinic of psychopathies, their statics, dynamics, systematics / P. B. Gannushkin // N. Novgorod: Publishing House of NGMA, 2000. - p. 121.
3. Granovskaya R.M. Elements of practical psychology / R.M. Granovskaya // Leningrad University Press, Leningrad. 1988. No. 3. - p. 262.
4. Karvasarsky B. D. Medical psychology / B.D. Karvasarsky // Leningrad. 1982– - p. 272
5. Leonhard, K. Accentuated personalities [Electronic resource] / K. Leonhard // https://akravchenko.ru/uploads/Publikacii/leongard.pdf
6. Lichko, A. E. Psychopathy and accentuation of character in adolescents. [Electronic resource] / Lichko, A. E. //http://ncpz.ru/lib/55/book/55
7. Ponomarenko, V.V. Practical characterology with elements of forecasting and behavior management (methodology "seven radicals") / V.V. Ponomarenko // Rostov on Don: Phoenix. 2006. - p. 252.
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