Anastasiia P. Mishneva
3rd year student of the faculty of preschool, primary and special education
Belgorod State National Research University,
Belgorod
Scientific supervisor
Alexander V. Markov
senior lecturer
Foreign languages department
NRU BSU
ACADEMIC FAILURE: CAUSES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT
Annotation.The article deals with the problem of school failure. Various concepts of academic failureare given. The reasons are revealed, as well as ways to overcome school failure.
Key words: pupils, academic failure, reasons for failure, overcoming academic failure, education.
The problem of academic failure has been and remains one of the unresolved in the theory and practice of teaching. It would seem that everything has already been said about it in the psychological and pedagogical literature: the causes and factors of academic failure have been identified, various training systems aimed at optimizing it have been proposed, for example, at one time, innovative teachers proposed the directions of "pedagogy of cooperation", which, by the way, were very reasonable and effective; the concept of optimizing training by academician Yu.K. Babansky; adaptive training system by A.S. Granitskaya, etc. But the problem of underachievement remains unresolved. Academic performance is falling more and more every year.
Based on the results of modern research, it can be argued that learning disabilities for one reason or another affect from 15 to 40% of primary school students. Difficulties in learning and mastering school skills are a problem not only of the family and school, but also of society. The future of every citizen of our country as a whole depends on this. New theoretical knowledge is required about the essence of the phenomenon itself, about the signs and forms of its manifestation in modern school.
The development of academic failure is one of the urgent problems at the present stage of the development of pedagogical theory and practice. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of teachers should be to identify the existing causes and ways to overcome the school failure.
Many teachers and psychologists have been studying certain aspects of the problem of preventing and overcoming the failure of schoolchildren.
In the psychological and pedagogical dictionary: academic failure is a negative phenomenon of pedagogical reality, manifested in the presence of students in an educational institution who have not mastered the curriculum of the academic year and have academic arrears in two or more subjects. The concept of academic failureis, first of all, a didactic concept associated with the main categories of didactics - the content of learning. It is included in curricula, textbooks and teaching aids. The following elements of the training content are distinguished: knowledge, skills, emotional and volitional attitude to learning.
In the work of Lyukshin A.A., academic failure is interpreted as a discrepancy between the preparation of students to the mandatory requirements of the school in the assimilation of knowledge, the development of skills and abilities, the formation of the experience of creative activity and the upbringing of cognitive relationships
In the work of Lyukshin A.A., academic failure is interpreted as a discrepancy between the preparation of students to the mandatory requirements of the school in the assimilation of knowledge, the development of skills and abilities, the formation of the experience of creative activity and the upbringing of cognitive relationships.
In order to work with underachieving students effectively, it is necessary, first of all, to identify the specific causes of underachievement. The following groups of reasons may be at the heart of school failure:
psychological (development of cognitive processes, motivational sphere of schoolchildren, anxiety level, reduced motivation of students)
pedagogical (incorrect organization of the educational process, underestimation of extracurricular and extracurricular work with children);
social (weak material and technical base, low level of preschool education of children, lack of home living conditions of students, family relationships, cultural level of parents).
Within the framework of the educational process, pedagogical and psychological reasons for the failure of younger schoolchildren play an important role.
Modern didactics offers the following as the main ways to overcome school failure:
Pedagogical prevention is the search for optimal pedagogical systems, including the use of active methods and forms of teaching, new pedagogical technologies, problem-based and program-based learning and computerization of pedagogical activity.
Pedagogical diagnostics - systematic monitoring and evaluation of learning outcomes, timely identification of gaps. For this purpose, the teacher's conversations with students, parents, observation of a difficult student with data entry in the teacher's journal, tests, analysis of results, their generalization in the form of tables by types of errors are used.
Educational therapy - measures to eliminate gaps in learning.
Educational impact. Since academic failures are most often associated with poor upbringing, individual planned educational work should be carried out with failing students, which includes work with the student's family.
Educational and developmental pedagogical influences come to the fore in working with underachieving schoolchildren. The ways of re-education of relationships proposed in some pedagogical and psychological works seem fruitful: to set such tasks available to the student so that he can achieve success. From success, even the most insignificant, a bridge can be built to a positive attitude to learning.
Nowadays, when complex tasks of worldwide improvement of the quality of work are being solved in all areas, responsibility for the level of education and upbringing of the younger generation is increasing. Overcoming academic failure is the most important task of practical and theoretical pedagogy.
Thus, in order to help failing schoolchildren, it is necessary to carry out remedial work aimed at creating a psychological atmosphere that promotes the emergence of children's interest in school.
LIST OF LITERATURE
1. LyukshinA.A. The reasons for academic failure/ A.A. Lyukshin [Electronic resource]. - 2005.
2. Militsyna S. K. Overcoming academic failure/ S. K. Militsyna. - Text: direct // Young scientist. — 2018. — № 45 (231). — 262-264 p.
3. Podlasyi I. P. New course: studies. for students. higher. studies. institutions/ I. P. Podlasyi. - Minsk: publishing house of the VLADOS Center, 2005. - 574 p.
4. Psychological and pedagogical dictionary for teachers and heads of educational institutions [Text] / Author-comp. V.A. Mizherikov. - Rostov n/A: Phoenix, 1998. - 544 p.
5. Russian-English dictionary / [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://wooordhunt.ru/dic/content/ru_en .
