The psychological essence of students

The psychological essence of students

Ledenewa Elizaveta Andreevna

3rd year student of the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Education

Belgorod State National Research University,

Belgorod

Scientific supervisor

Alexander V. Markov

senior lecturer

Foreign languages department

NRU BSU

Abstract. The article examines the predominance of character, type of thinking, personality type, temperament, accentuation, constructiveness of motivation, methods of psychological protection among students. Thanks to these indicators, we will find out what modern students live and how they "breathe". A number of studies have been conducted for this purpose. The students conducted several tests, on the basis of which the conclusion was made.

Keywords: Students, the essence of students, temperaments, accentuation of character, type of thinking, constructive motivation, methods of psychological protection.

Students are a special social category, a specific community of people united organizationally by the Institute of Higher Education. A.M. Dubrovin and V.V.Parishioners in their book "Age and pedagogical Psychology" note – "students include people who purposefully, systematically acquire knowledge and professional skills, engaged, as it is assumed, in diligent academic work. As a social group, it is characterized by a professional orientation, a well-formed attitude to the future profession, which are a consequence of the correctness of the professional choice and the adequacy and completeness of the student's idea of the chosen profession" [4, p. 74].

We were interested in what the essence of student life is, for this we conducted a series of tests on students. According to the results, which we found out the following.

The first test was the Garbuzov V.I. questionnaire And the results were as follows: Egophilic – 8%; Genophilic – 44%; Altruistic – 10%; Research - 4%; Dominant – 12%; Libertophilic – 16%; Dignitophilic – 12%; Refused to answer – 28%.

We see that the genophilic type prevails among the students of this group - 44%. For people of this type, the replacement of the concept of I by the concept of "we", i.e. family, is characteristic. Everything in their life is subordinated to the interests of their family, children, for them family is the greatest value.

When we decided to determine which temperament prevails among students, we received the following results: choleric - 20%; sanguine – 40%; phlegmatic – 16%; melancholic – 16%; refused to give an answer – 20%;

Analyzing the data obtained, we see that the group is dominated by sanguine people, who are characterized as lively, sociable, easy-going.

The fourth test was the Method of determining the accentuation of K. Leonhard – Shmishek's character.

The results of the conducted testing as a percentage are as follows: Demonstrative type – 8%; Stuck type – 4%; Hyperthymic type – 0; Dysthymic type – 0; Emotive type – 16%; Exalted type – 20%; Cyclothymic type – 4%; Anxious type - 4%; Objectionable type – 4%; Pedantic type – 0; Abstained from answering – 64%.

According to the presented data, we see that the exalted type prevails among the students of this group -16%. People of this type are characterized by a wide range of emotions experienced, they easily get excited, but also easily get discouraged. Slightly less emotive type -13%. Such people are soft-hearted, kind, sympathetic.

In the fifth study, we looked at the type of thinking, and it turned out that Objective – effective thinking is 20%; Abstract – symbolic thinking – 8%; Verbal – logical thinking – 12%; Visual – imaginative thinking – 36%; Creativity – 28%.

We see that visual – imaginative thinking prevails – 35%. It is characterized by reliance on representation and images. This is followed by subject–effective thinking – 19%, people of this type learn information better through movements, they have good coordination. Verbal – logical thinking – 11%, it is carried out with the help of logical operations with concepts.

The next thing we investigated is the constructiveness of motivation. The results were as follows: "Bear" - 4%; "Tiger" - 4%; "Panther" - 24%; "Lion" - 44%; Refrained from answering – 40%.

We see that the predominance of the "Lion" in the group is a motive for mutual acceptance of the internal and external, their mutual positive negation, which determines the possibility of self-development of the individual. Constructive unity of achievement motivation and attitude motivation, the result of which is the desire for cooperation.

Next, we conducted a survey and revealed the level of self-esteem. It turned out that 33% of students have an overestimated level of self-esteem, and 1% of students, on the contrary, are underestimated, 64% are within the norm.

Kelerman Plutchik's questionnaire "Research of psychological defense mechanisms" revealed the following: Reactive formations prevail in 16% of students; Denial of reality – 16%; Substitution – 0%; Regression in 16% of students; Compensation in 20%; Projection – 20% of people; Displacement – 4%; Rationalization is inherent in 48% of students; Not answered – 0%.

Almost half of the students in this group are rationalized, then compensation and projection go in equal ratio, reactive formations and regression go with a small margin. A very small percentage of displacement, substitution is not present in any student.

According to the SAMOAL questionnaire, we identified: Time orientation in 31% of students; Values – 19%; View of human nature – 6%; Need for knowledge – 4%; Creativity – 12%; Autonomy – 12%; Spontaneity – 4%; Self–understanding – 12%; Autosympathy - 8%; Contact - 4%; Flexibility in communication – 0%.

We see that orientation in time prevails in this group, followed by values, creativity, autonomy and self–understanding -12% are in the same percentage, the need for communication and autosympathy are also equal to 8%, the need for communication and contactability - 4%, flexibility in communication 0.

From the conducted research, we see that the following qualities prevail among modern students: Genophilic type - People of this type are characterized by the substitution of the concept of "I" with the concept of "we", i.e. family. Everything in their life is subordinated to the interests of their family, children, for them the family is the greatest value; among students the most: Sanguine - they are sociable and cheerful, easy-going; People have an exalted type of accentuation type characterized by a wide range of emotions experienced, they easily get excited, but also easily get discouraged; The majority of students with visual – imaginative thinking – it is characterized by reliance on representation and images; Constructive motivation "Lion" - the motive of mutual acceptance of internal and external, their mutual positive negation, which determines the possibility of self-development of the individual. Constructive unity of achievement motivation and attitude motivation, the result of which is the desire for cooperation; More than half of the respondents have an average self-esteem, and 33% have it overestimated; In this group, orientation in time prevails, followed by values, creativity, autonomy and self–understanding -12% are in the same percentage, the need for communication and autosympathy are also equal to 8%, the need for communication and contactability - 4%, flexibility in communication 0;

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