Pedagogical tact and image in the formation of a teacher
Miziryaeva Darya Andreevna
3rd year student of the faculty of mathematics and natural science education
Belgorod State National Research University,
Belgorod
Scientific supervisor
Alexander V. Markov
senior lecturer
Foreign languages department
NRU BSU
Abstract:The essence of the concepts "pedagogical image" and "pedagogical tact" is studied and the ways of effective formation of the teacher's image and tact are considered.
Keywords:pedagogy, pedagogical image, pedagogical tact, pedagogical ethics, teacher.
It is important for a modern teacher to be able to create his own unique image, professional image. He is expected to show individuality, creativity, and originality in his approach to the educational process. This is due not only to the reform of education, but also to changes in the views of society on the personality of the teacher as a whole. It is the image of a teacher that plays an important role in his professional activity. A modern teacher is a professional who combines love for his work and students. A properly constructed image of a teacher is important not only for students as an example of a successful person, but also for the teacher himself – for moral satisfaction.
According to A.A. Kalyuzhny, "the image of a teacher is an expressively colored stereotype of feeling the image of a teacher in the representation of a group of students, colleagues, social environment, in the mass consciousness. When forming the image of a teacher, existing features are intertwined with those characteristics that are attributed to other people" [1].
The pedagogical image consists of several components:
1) Directly the image that appears in people's minds when they see and perceive a person, as well as what remains in their memory after the person leaves.
2) External aspects, including behavior, gait, gestures, facial expressions, clothing, etc.
3) The internal aspect, including erudition, interests, hobbies, creativity.
4) The procedural aspect, implying temperament, strong-willed qualities, emotions, pace.
5) the value aspect determined by the life position, priorities, values.
6) Professional reputation of the teacher: acquired theoretical and practical experience, author's methods, opinions of students, fellow teachers, parents about professional competence, professional awards, publications [3].
Pedagogical tact is the ability of a teacher to quickly find an effective way to influence the consciousness and feelings of students in the process of teaching and upbringing to achieve a goal without the risk of losing authority and losing the trust of students. Pedagogical tact is also a professional quality of a teacher, with the help of which he applies the most effective method of educational influence to students in each case [2].
The main elements of the teacher's tact are demanding and respect for the student, the ability to see and hear the student, empathize with him, businesslike tone of communication, attentiveness. In addition to this is the ability of the teacher to have a deep educational influence on the personality of the student. Such a result will be most natural if the teacher is able to control his voice, fully controls the emotional and expressive function of speech, the form of mimic expressiveness of the communication process. Pedagogical tact is one of the most important means of pedagogical influence in the activity of a teacher.
Currently, the problem of the teacher's image and tact is very acute, since the status of a teacher is declining in society. At the same time, modern science lacks scientifically based tools for the image and tact of a teacher. A modern teacher should combine the features of a teacher and an educator. This should be reflected in his image, but at the same time the image should be individual. The teacher must be educated and competent enough in matters of communication with pupils.
V.M. Shepel is considered the founder of imageology. In his book "Imageology: Secrets of Personal charm", he outlined not only the rationale for the concept of "image", but also the formation of a new field of research – imageology, and in the professional sphere, the formation of a new specialty – image maker. Image researchers define it as a set of certain traits that are associated with personality and distinguish its following components:
1) Personal characteristics. They include physical, psychological personality traits, character, personality type, etc.
2) Social characteristics. This is a rather shaky part of the image associated with these circumstances. The main features are status, behavior patterns, etc.
3) Symbolic characteristics. On the contrary, they are more stable and are connected with culture and ideology [3].
V.M. Shepel identifies three sets of traits that are taken into account when forming any image:
1. Natural qualities
a) sociability;
b) the ability to empathize;
c) reflexivity;
d) eloquence;
2. Qualities that have appeared in the process of education and upbringing
a) moral values;
b) psychological health;
c) a set of communication technologies;
3. Qualities acquired with life and professional experience [3].
The success of a teacher largely depends on the awareness of the nature of his professional and personal influence on other people and responsibility for the consequences of this influence. The main condition for the success of pedagogical activity is introspection. Constant theoretical education and practice are its obvious conditions. The result is a project of educational activity. In other words, the teacher plans his behavior in the classroom, chooses options for communicating with the class, suggests possible reactions of students to their own actions.
The teaching profession is public, so one of the professional skills should be the ability to self–presentation - the ability to show certain qualities in front of a certain audience, in a certain situation, with a certain goal. Self-presentation plays a big role in creating a first impression. The phenomenon of the first impression often determines the further dynamics of interaction.
Pedagogical tact as a form of relationship with students is determined by many parts of the teacher's personality, his beliefs, the culture of behavior, the level of education, and the system of appropriate skills. It is impossible to master pedagogical tact without having pedagogical skills in general. He is not mastered by learning or memorizing, he is a consequence of the creative activity of the teacher, an indicator of the flexibility of his mind. The teacher's pedagogical tact will never be stereotyped.
The presence of pedagogical tact in the teacher says:
1) The appearance of the teacher;
2) The ability to quickly and effectively assess and solve pedagogical tasks and situations;
3) The ability to restrain emotions, to control oneself in difficult situations;
4) The ability to combine exactingness and sensitivity towards students.
As a pedagogical category, tact is a complex structure. The main components are:
1) The psychological component of the tract. It involves observation, empathy, patience and imagination on the part of the teacher. The teacher must take into account the inner qualities of the students in order to ensure the normal development of interpersonal relationships.
2) The moral and ethical component. On the part of the teacher, this means observing the rules of etiquette and morality. The teacher should be humane, polite, considerate, decent, caring and attentive towards the student. An important role is played by the moral beliefs of the teacher, his moral and ethical views on the world, since it is they who guide him in the process of education and upbringing.
3) Aesthetic component. The teacher should be creative, be able to improvise in an atypical situation for him, be able to solve the task, and also have an appropriate sense of humor. Communication with a creative, artistic teacher will be more interesting and emotionally attractive than with someone who does not show his emotions in any way and follows only the standards set by society.
4) Technological (instrumental) component. It is conditioned by the choice of certain pedagogical technologies, methods and methods of teaching and interacting with students. The effectiveness of the implementation of the educational goals set by the teacher depends on the skillfully chosen methods of influence [6].
It is important for the teacher to maintain a balance in his behavior. The success of the pedagogical process depends on any of his actions. A teacher should understand the importance of his profession and be responsible for his actions. He needs to behave like a professional in his field, show only his positive traits, be moderately demanding and sensitive. Observing the boundaries of what is allowed, the teacher will be able to effectively do his job and establish good relationships with students and colleagues.
The purpose of this article was to study the concepts of pedagogical image and tact and to find ways to successfully develop them.
To study these questions, we conducted a survey on the basis of the National Research University of Belgorod. The questionnaire was attended by students of group 02041901 consisting of 14 people.
Let's analyze the answers of students concerning the qualities that a modern teacher should possess. The data obtained are shown in page 1.
Page 1. The ratio of positive and negative qualities of a teacher
In the diagram above, we can see that the vast majority of students (93%) believe that a teacher should have only positive qualities. 7% of the subjects believe that the teacher needs negative traits. It can be judged that a teacher should not only be good, he should have an iron character and a steel grip.
Summing up the research, it can be noted that more than half of the subjects are familiar with the concepts of pedagogical image and tact. They know what qualities a modern teacher should have, how he should treat students, how he should look and behave. Students realize that the image of a teacher is an image created by a teacher, which combines not only the appearance, but also the internal qualities necessary in the work.
Creating an image of a teacher is a complex and lengthy process. When starting to form their own image, the teacher should begin by analyzing the essence of pedagogical activity and their own perception of the pedagogical image. Then you need to form your own visual image. It includes not only appearance, but also non-verbal means of communication. The main requirements for the appearance of the teacher are thoughtfulness, modernity and neatness of the costume. A teacher with his appearance should have students, other teachers, parents, so the question of choosing clothes should be approached with special care, and also adhere to the basic rule of etiquette: to look beautiful means to show respect for others.
List of references
1. Kalyuzhny, A.A. Psychological and pedagogical features of the formation of the image of a teacher / A.A. Kalyuzhny // PR in education. - 2004. - No. 3.- 186 p.
2. Ushinsky K.D. Pedagogical anthropology. - T.I. M.: Gosuchpedgiz, 1954.
3. Shepel V. M. Imageology: secrets of personal charm. Moscow: Public Education, 1997.- 320 p.
4. Shogan, V.V. New technologies in historical education / V. V. Shogan. - Rostov N./D. : Rostizdat, 2005. - 196 p.
5. Shcherbakova T.N., Shcherbakova E.V. Imageology for a modern teacher. M.: Perspektiva, 2012 - 210 p.
6. Yakusheva S.D. Pedagogical image of a modern high school teacher / "Actual problems of pedagogy and psychology" (Part I): materials of the international correspondence scientific and practical conference. (November 23, 2011) pp.71-83 - Novosibirsk: Publishing house "Siberian Association of Consultants", 2011. - 112 p.
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