10
«Ecology in English Philology»
Author: Gatina Albina
2021
Contents
1. Introduction. The aims and tasks of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Basic part.
2.1.Environmental problems in our region.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. The environmental tradition in English literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Conclusion. …………………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.References . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Ecology in English Philology
Introduction.
Environmental education is an integral part of modern education of the younger generation. We live in times of global political and environmental events that are interrelated and relevant in our time. 2017 - the Year of Ecology and Environment in Russia. That is why I am interested in what is the environment in our region. I am very attracted to this theme as environmental training and education of students is an important task of the modern school. Necessity of consideration of main ecological rules that for every person should become a norm of behavior in nature, has identified the problem for project, which consists of the development of effective forms and methods of environmental education in schools.
The aims of project:
- to identify the main environmental problems of our native region;
- to increase of knowledge and interests, generally in studies of ecological problems in English literature
- generalization of background experience in ecological education in our native school.
Subject of study: students’ activity
Tasks:
1. deepening the theoretical knowledge of students in ecology, formation of a number of basic environmental concepts;
2. providing a broader and more diverse than it is possible in the ordinary course of lessons, practical activities of students at English lessons in studying and protection of the environment.
Methodological basis of project consist of the basic provisions of the environment, the place and role of environmental education in the life of the younger generation.
Basic part.
. Environmental problems in our region
What is environment? It has many different parts, like the pieces of a big jigsaw puzzle. Human beings, animal, buildings, the land, the air, the seas, our climate and all these parts make the environment.
The problem of protecting the nature is so vital. If one part of the environment changes this affects the other parts of it too.
Our personal environment contains our native land, the native place, our street, home, our family, favorite food, close friends and all the things that are parts of our life.
Bashkortostan is well – developed industrial republic with numerous giant plants and factories. Our native land is rich in natural resources, such as oil, gas, coal. But all of this cause serious environmental problems that endanger people’s lives. The most dangerous of them are: pollution in its many form, destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty, shortage of natural resources.
When you pollute something, you make it dirty or dangerous. It is dangerous to drink polluted water or breathe polluted air.
Pollution can start in a small way – like using a river for waste. A little waste in a river isn’t dangerous . Often a river can clean itself. But every day millions of waste get into our rivers and lakes. Many rivers are used for dumping industrial waste.
We can see many cars in city streets during rush hours. Working automobile engines pollute the air every day. We need good filtres at factories and also in cars.
Rubbish is one of the environmental problems in Bashkortostan too. Rubbish pollutes the land, the water, it causes serious illnes. But we can still do more to recycle glass, paper and plastic.
So, I want to show you ecological problems of our region.
Sterlitamak is located on the left bank of the Belaya River, 121 kilometers from Ufa. The city's name comes from the Bashkir language and literally means “mouth of the river Sterlya”.
Originally the town was built in the area between the Ashkadar and Sterlya Rivers. This area is now considered the historical center and is known as the "Old Town". According to data from 2012, Sterlitamak has a population of 273,000.
Sterlitamak is a large center of chemical industry and mechanical engineering.
There are some major chemical and petrochemical enterprises.
The provision of ecological safety of the town is one of the priority directions in activity of the administration and the enterprises of the town. The ecological programs and problems are regularly considered on the meetings of the constant ecological commissions. They are the keeping and the utilization of the pesticide, the rational using of the natural resources, the improvement of ecological situation in the town and so on. The regular check-ups are conducted in the region, the unapproved places of the accommodation of the wastes on the territory of Sterlitamak.
The export of the rubbish from the territory of the town is realized by special organizations. The Road–building department controls cleanness of the curbs and the roads. There are containers for the rubbish on the bus stops. There are 20 private owned enterprises are organized in Sterlitamak nowadays they specialize in collecting ferrous and non-ferrous metals, mackle-paper and other rubbish.
A big work is organized in the sphere of exporting of the rubbish. Now we have recycling bins for general garbage throughout the center of Sterlitamak.
The condition, the protection and the using of water resources
The main sources of the provision with the water in our region are underground waters and surface waters of the rivers Zirgan, Belaya. The largest users of the water is the housing department of Sterlitamak.
The volume of used water in 2004 has formed about 119,07 mln. of cubic meters. 87,9% of water is used for energy, 5,3% is used on fuel industry, 2,5% - on necessities of the housing – public facilities, 1,94% - on necessities of the agriculture.
About 17,708 mln. of cubic meters of wastes are dumped into bodies of water of our region each year. 1,557 mln. of cubic meters of wastes are dumped in the river Belaya without any purifying. The enterprises dump wastes into rivers without any permission.
Acid rain and acid snow poison rivers and lakes too. Fishes and other animals can not live in acid water.
Acid rain is a great problem in many countries. Ordinary rain is a little acid too. But strong acid is dangerous. Car batteries contain acid which can burn holes in your clothes too.
Acid rain isn’t new, we started producing acid rain when we started building a lot of factories and power stations which burned coal or oil.
The flora and fauna of the region
The region is located in forest – steppe zone. Its flora is formed by meadows and woods.
The serious danger for green plantations present fires. The fire – prevention actions are annually executed.
The presence landscape of the region is a main factor of the variety of animal world.
The main reservoirs of the region are rivers the Belaya, the Ashkadar, multiple lakes and ponds, where fishing is conducted.
Our forests have a huge number of bird species, among them: owls, crows, rooks, ravens, sparrows and many others. Swans and nightingales are very popular with the population of our region. People admire snow - white swans. Some of the animals in our region are very rare, almost extinct. We can find their names in the Red Book.
The active actions are conducted to save the habitats. A habitat contains all that is living thing needs to survive: space, light, water, food. Some animals had to move to other places.
People are the only animals with the power to save endangered species. Without a variety of species, the earth may not be inhabitable by humankind. Plants and animals help to maintain the chemical balance of the atmosphere. Forests help to regulate water supplies. Plant and animals help to save soil. They also provide a constant source of wonder and enjoyment.
Every day the air, water and land become more and more polluted. This project looks at the problems and some of the things we can do to solve them.
One of the important conditions for sustainable development of Bashkortostan and environmental security is increasing the level of environmental education and culture of the population.
Currently, environmental knowledge in republic are promoted at all levels of the education system: in kindergartens, secondary schools, vocational schools, colleges and universities, as well as in the framework of retraining and professional development of specialists of enterprises.
Ecology is not a laboratory science. It is a science in which the most important place is occupied by observations and experiments in nature.
Research activity is one of the most effective forms of work on the study of ecology, ecological education of children.
Performing a variety of research projects in the natural environment allows me to actively take up the study of the natural environment, ecological systems of my town, to participate in scientific conferences, exchange of research results with the students from other schools working on these same issues.
Each of us loves and appreciates his native land. Results of ecological problems are made with our help, will help us to reduce these problems in our town. We hope our region will be among the favored areas of ecology.
In our school and in Sterlitamak town we do much work. We clean our streets and yards, rivers, grow flowers. Clean nature is basis of our health. That`s why we must take care of it. Protection of nature is defending of our country. We want to protect trees, flowers and wild life.
2.2. The environmental traditions in English literature
Every one of you knows that ecology is associated with nature, and Philology - with language, our speech. What they have in common? Names of plants, animals, birds, fish, insects in the Russian language, and not only in Russian, is constantly used in human speech to mark both the flora and fauna, as well as for names of different things and objects that man is surrounded, for the characteristics of the man, his behavior and actions. They greatly enrich the vocabulary, making our speech more expressive and fine. Very popular in our speech sayings and proverbs, among which there are a huge number of «natural» an «ecological».
The theme of environmental education is included in the foreign language training program sponsored by many educational systems. I would like to share with examples to describe the problem and methods of work with it in an educational course of M.Z.Biboletova.
Even in primary school, we learned with the image of the Red Book, familiar to us from the natural history lessons, calling it in English "This is the Red Book" and talking about the book pages by using the following language: book, page, green, yellow, white, red , grey has a familiar structure:
“The pages of the book are red…(white)”.
At acquaintance with the words "to like" and "spring" practicing a poem that sounds kind of hymn to nature:
«I like the sun,
I like the spring,
I like the birds,
They twitter and sing.»
A special role in learning vocabulary on ecological education of students in the initial stage of training took games, songs, and rhymes. Knowing the words such as flower, tree, apple, grapes, orange, park, garden, apple-tree with pictures we were working on structures: I like an orange…I have got an apple…The garden is big…The apple-tree is nice…
In5th grade, after the introduction of the word "duty" discussed responsibilities of students on nature protection: "What are your duties towards nature?" in the mode: pupil №1-teacher-pupil №2, and then in the mode: pupil №1-pupil №2 - pupil №3-etc.
In 6th grade at work on the theme "Whatever the Weather" in the 2nd quarter we replenish our vocabulary with the following words: awful, dreadful, warm, foggy, sunshine, marvelous, terrible, windy, wet, above (below) zero.
At work on the text of "The Weather They Have In the USA" received information about how to draw weather maps. With great interest, were prepared project work on the topic: «A Season Tourist Guide».
Most fully and deeply devoted to the problem of environmental education of students from the authors of M.Z.Biboletova’s educational complex in 7th grade in the section: «How Do You Treat the Earth» in the 2nd quarter. We have acquainted with the expression "three R`s", which refers «reduction», «reuse», «recycling»; we discussed the understanding of those words in relation to our families. Prepared messages about the problems of ecology of native land, listened to texts on auditing to the national parks of the United States and Britain. At the conclusion of the work on the subject have prepared projects in groups on themes: «Eco Problems in My Home Town", "One Person's Trash Is Another Person's Treasure», «Environmental Program at My School.
In 8th grade we have worked on this issue during the conversation on the theme «This Earth was made for you and me» (1 quarter), «The Earth needs a friend» (2 quarter). During the study, «We live on a wonderful planet» and «Best friend in the world - it's you» we acquainted with the vocabulary on themes: «Weather. Climate», «Global catastrophe», «Environmental problems», «Man and Nature». We have read about all kinds of pollution that Earth is suffering from: air pollution, traffic problem, global warming and causes of ecological problems
Also we have worked on mini-project «How to save the Earth», where discussed how we can try.
I'm in the 8th form. In the 9th form we will have an interesting topic "Health Problems", it will give us more time to express our views on global environmental issues and about how to eat right and what is a healthy lifestyle.
Almost at work on any topic you can discuss about environmental protection, ecological education.
3. Conclusion.
The problem of environmental education has existed, and will exist for the development of society. Correct environmental education will allow prevent many of the ecological problems of humanity in the future.
To carry out problem of transformation every corner of our country into a flourishing edge we must form ecological culture, aesthetic attitude to nature, develop love for it and be responsible for our state.
So, ecological education of students at English lessons is necessary and possible. If you skillfully use language games as an independent technology, it gives a significant jump in learning new or consolidating already studied knowledge, increases motivation to study of this subject or learning foreign language as a whole, allows to enjoy the process of communication in English.
References
1. Барышева Ю. А. Из опыта организации экологической работы. // 2020. №6. С.92-94.
2. Биболетова М.З. Учебник английского языка для 4, 5-6, 7, 8, 9 классов, издательство ТИТУЛ, г.Обнинск.
3. Гришева Е. А. Задания экологического содержания. М. Просвещение, 2019.
4. Жукова И. В помощь экологическому воспитанию учащихся. // 2020. №6. С. 125-127.
5. Пахомов А. П. Методические рекомендации к овладению экологическими знаниями. // 2018. №6. С. 26-28.
6.http://www.ecorb.ru/
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