FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERAMENT

УДК 159.9

FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERAMENTОСОБЕННОСТИ

Lisovaya Anna Vadimovna

Student

Scientific supervisor: Grineva Olga Ivanovna

Assistant

FSBEI HE «Belgorod State National Research University», Belgorod

Annotation: this article examines the relationship between the level of emotional intelligence and types of temperament in students.

Key words:emotional intelligence, temperament, type, level, students, connection.

The study of the problem of emotional intelligence was carried out by such researchers as: J. Meyer, P. Saloway, D. Caruso, D. Goleman, G. Orme, D. Sliter, H. Weissenger, R. Stenberg, J. Block.

But it was also noted that there are hereditary, internal characteristics of each individual, inherent in him at the level of temperament. A person's temperament determines his emotional side of life, the quality and quantity of his experiences and the reactions he gives to them. The problem of temperament was dealt with by many domestic and foreign scientists, such as: G. Ananyev, L.S. Vygotsky, Hippocrates, E. Kretschmer, W. Sheldon, A.G. Kovalev, V.S. Merlin, V.D. Nebylitsin, I.P. Pavlov, V.M. Rusalov, I.M. Sechenov, B.M. Teplov and others.

A person, being in society, always interacts with a group and members of this group, each of which has its own individual characteristics, including its own ideas, thoughts, views. In the process of communication, the clash of these views, thoughts and conflicts arise. Due to their individual characteristics, each person adheres to a certain strategy of behavior.

From here it becomes interesting to study what are the features of emotional intelligence in students with different types of temperament, which is the problem of this study.

Hypothesis:There are features of emotional intelligence in students with different types of temperament, namely, sanguine students have an understanding of their own and other people's emotions, expression control, choleric students have a reduced understanding of their own and other people's emotions, as well as emotion management, phlegmatic students have expression control and control of their emotions, and melancholic students have a low understanding of their and others' emotions, other people's emotions, expression control.

The following diagnostic tools were used: Lyusin's Emotional Intelligence Test; Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire.

The study involved 60 students of 2-3 courses NRU «BelSU».

When conducting the methodology for the study of emotional intelligence, the results were found, which are presented in Figure 2.2.1.

Fig. 2.2.1. The severity of the indicators of emotional intelligence of students in general

It follows from the figure that the predominant indicator of emotional intelligence in the sample is "Understanding one's emotions". Such students are able to recognize their condition in certain situations. As a rule, they achieve great results in various spheres of life.

The lowest indicator is "Expression Control". This suggests that students are able to control the external manifestations of their emotions in three forms: "suppression", that is, hiding the expression of the emotional states experienced; "masking" – replacing the expression of the emotional state experienced by the expression of another emotion not experienced at the moment and "simulation" – the expression of emotions not experienced.

As a result of the study on the indicators "extraversion-introversion" and "neuroticism", the following data were obtained, presented in Figure 2.2.2.

Fig. 2.2.2. Distribution of students by the severity of temperament qualities (in %)

It follows from the figure that a high level of neuroticism was found in 35% of the sample, an average level of neuroticism in 23%, and a low level of neuroticism in 42%.

Further, according to the "extroversion-introversion" scale, it was revealed that 65% of the subjects are extroverts. 35% of the subjects are characterized by introversion.

Thus, distributing the subjects by temperament types, the following ratio can be distinguished (Figure 2.2.3.).

Fig. 2.2.3. Distribution of students by prevailing temperament types (in %)

So, in this sample, 21% of respondents are characterized by such a type of temperament as melancholic. Their reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus, there is depth and stability of feelings with weak expression. It is difficult for him to focus on something for a long time. Strong effects often cause a melancholic to have a prolonged inhibitory reaction. Such persons are characterized by restraint and muffled motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecision. Under unfavorable conditions, it can turn into a closed, fearful, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to severe internal experiences of such life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.

30% of the subjects are choleric. These people are characterized by increased excitability, their actions are intermittent. Sharpness, impulsiveness, vivid expression of emotional experiences are characteristic. Due to unbalance, being carried away by business, he is inclined to act with all his might, to exhaust himself more than he should. Having public interests, temperament manifests itself in initiative, energy, integrity. In the absence of spiritual life, the choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, intemperance, short temper, inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.

Phlegmatic temperament is characteristic of 14%. It is characterized by a relatively low level of activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods, rarely lose their temper, are not prone to affects, bring things to an end, are moderately sociable. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person may be characterized by "positive" features – endurance, depth of thought, constancy, thoroughness, etc. in others – lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to perform only habitual actions.

35% of respondents are sanguine. They quickly adapt to new conditions, quickly converge with people, are sociable. Feelings easily arise and change, emotional experiences are usually shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. They do not regulate their impulses enough, they do not know how to strictly adhere to the established routine, life, and work systems. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task that requires an equal expenditure of effort, long and methodical tension, perseverance, steadfastness of attention, patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity, superficiality and impermanence are developed.

Then the differences were analyzed using statistical processing in the SPSS program and the Kruskal–Wallis H–criterion was used. The results obtained during the analysis are presented in Table 2.2.1:

Table 2.2.1 – Average values of emotional intelligence indicators in students with different types of temperament and their level of differences

The analysis of Table 2.2.1 allows us to say that there are significant differences between the indicators of emotional intelligence in students with different types of temperament, namely: choleric students have a low level of understanding of their own and others' emotions, emotion management is also at a low level, they are characterized by emotional uncontrolled outbursts and low control of expression (p<0,05, h=12,024).

Phlegmatic students have a low level of understanding of their own and others' emotions, but a high level of control of their emotions and control of expression ((р<0,01, h = 20,064).

Melancholic students have the lowest average threshold of all values, which indicates their emotional insolvency and immaturity, as well as increased lability and acuteness of emotional reactions to events (p<0,01, h= 10,691).

Students with a sanguine type of temperament are characterized by high values in all indicators of emotional intelligence, a high level of understanding of emotions, their management and control of expression (p<0,01, h= 5,653).

Thus, we can say that the hypothesis of this study is confirmed.

List of sources used

David R. Caruso, Peter Salovey. The Emotionally Intelligent Manager: How to Develop and Use the Four Key Emotional Skills of Leadership.Josses-Bass, San Francisco. 2004.

Steven J. Stein, Ph.D and Howard E. Book, M.D, The EQ Edge: Emotional Intelligence and your success. Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited 2000.

William H. Sheldon, The varieties of human physique: An introduction to constitutional psychology / Access mode: https://archive.org/details/varietiesofhuman0000shel